Question

why did the indian iron smelting industry decline in the 19th century ?

Answer 1

Iron smelting furnaces were most often built of clay and sun-dried bricks. The smelting was done by men while women worked the bellows, pumping air that kept the charcoal burning. When the colonial government prevented people from entering the reserved forests, the iron smelters could not find wood for charcoal to light the furnace.Neither could they get iron ore. Many iron smelters had to give up their craft and looked for other means of livelihood. By the late nineteenth century iron and steel was being imported from Britain. Ironsmiths in India began using the imported iron to manufacture utensils and implements. This lowered the demand for iron produced by local iron smelters.

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Answer 2

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The series of British forest laws passed by the mid 19th century in the form of forest acts restricted access to forested areas. Under these conditions the iron smelters could not continue with their occupation for long. many gave up their craft and looked for other means of livelihood. The demand for iron produced by local indigenous neltas also decline because of tough competition from british Steel. In fact, the Large demand for Iron and Steel required for the construction of Railways in India was made by importing iron and steel from England.