Question

Why DNA polymerase fail to start process of replication in lagging strand?

Answer 1

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<> When the DNA replication takes place the double stranded DNA starts unwinding by an enzyme called helicase. Making a loop like structures OR we can say  two replication forks each opposite to each other like in the figure attached.

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<> One strand of the original DNA ran in the 5’ to 3’ direction, whereas the other ran from 3’ to 5’ direction (antiparallel arrangement)

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<> Well, DNA polymerase is correctly oriented for synthesis only in the 5’ to 3’ direction strand, called the leading strand.

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<> While the unfolding of the double stranded DNA takes place, the leading strand can be synthesized as a continuous and complete strand.

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<> But the other strand, however,  called the lagging strand, runs the other way (3’ to 5’). Thus, here also DNA polymerase must make a copy of this strand backwards. Since all of the complete double stranded DNA cannot unwind fully at a time, therefore DNA polymerase starts making copy of the small section available, As the  helicase further unwinds  the DNA, another small segment became available for the DNA polymerase to make a copy till the previous segments comes.

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<> Thus in lagging strand DNA replication takes place in short sections. These sections are known as Okazaki fragments, after the scientists who discovered them, Reiji and Tsuneko Okazaki.

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<> Later, these sections are joined together to form one continuous strand by an enzyme called DNA ligase.
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