why do all difference exist between classes of animals reptilia, amphibia and pisces?
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Those keeping reptiles or amphibians are affectionately called 'herpers.' The name is derived from herpetology which is a branch of zoology that studies reptiles and amphibians. Herpetology includes turtles, snakes, lizards, tortoises, amphisbaenids, crocodiles, toads, frogs, caecilians, newts and salamanders. The name reptile, refers to creeping or crawling animals. The name amphibian refers to dual modes of existence. For example, frogs are like secret agents looking like a fish in their early life and then grow legs as they become adults.
At one time, reptiles and amphibians were zoologically classified as reptiles due to their many similarities. It is speculated that reptiles transitioned from amphibians some 50 million years ago, which perhaps explains why there are so many commonly shared characteristics. Let's first identify those similarities between reptiles and amphibians.
Ectothermic: Both are ectothermic (cold-blooded) meaning their internal sources of heat are so insignificant that they must rely upon external sources to regulate their body temperature. Body heat regulation is primarily required for operation of their metabolic processes.
Chordata (animals that possess a spinal column): Both reptiles and amphibians are vertebrates possessing a central vertebral column.
Skin color alteration: Skin color alteration by concentrating or dissipating melanin is possible in many amphibians and reptiles. Altering their skin coloration aids in camouflage and can help thermoregulation of body temperature.
Keen eyesight: Many lizards (reptiles) and frogs (amphibians) have sharp eyesight which is crucial for their precise capture of prey by flicking their tongues.
Defensive traits: Both reptiles and amphibians use camouflage, biting and inflating of the body to avoid predation. Lizards (reptiles) and salamanders (amphibians) both have the ability to autotomize which is a voluntary removal of the tail as a defensive response. One common defense is mimicry where animals that have no innate defensive protection mimic the bright colors of dangerous animals. For example, a harmless king snake might appear as a venomous coral snake.
The differences between reptiles and amphibians are challenging to identify. The below lists are an attempt to work through the haziness of distinction:
Reptiles
STEPHEN G. NOBLE
Turtles bask to thermoregulate and absorb UVB sunrays. Photo by Stephen G. Noble.
Respiration: All breathing is via lungs, however aquatic turtles have the ability to do a limited gas exchange underwater primarily during extended periods of cold temperature or inactivity. This condition is called brumation.
Feeding: Snakes are able to disjoin their upper and lower jaw to accommodate swallowing large prey whole.
Neck Vertebra: Multiple vertebra in the neck, allowing articulation.
Skin: Dry, scaly, watertight skin. Exposed parts are covered by bony scutes.
Reproduction: Leathery, soft or hard eggs laid on land or maintained inside the body until hatching. The reptile egg is self-contained and protects the embryo from dehydration.
Metamorphosis (profound change in form): Reptiles have no larval stages.
Longevity: Some tortoises have reportedly lived more than 180 years. The popular smooth green snake (Opheodrys vernalis) are reportedly living up to 15 years in captivity.
Defense: Three layers of protection are normally used by reptiles.
Avoidance: This is where the reptile evades danger through playing dead or retreats into a protective shell.
Warning: This is when the reptile alerts potential predators by releasing a foul smell; or they hiss and shake their tail tip like the rattlesnake. Several species of the horned lizard (Phrynosoma), are able to squirt foul tasting blood from their eyes to ward off predators. The dispensing of blood is called ocular autohemorrhaging. When warnings fail, some reptiles attack. Reptiles such as the alligator, snapping turtle
At one time, reptiles and amphibians were zoologically classified as reptiles due to their many similarities. It is speculated that reptiles transitioned from amphibians some 50 million years ago, which perhaps explains why there are so many commonly shared characteristics. Let's first identify those similarities between reptiles and amphibians.
Ectothermic: Both are ectothermic (cold-blooded) meaning their internal sources of heat are so insignificant that they must rely upon external sources to regulate their body temperature. Body heat regulation is primarily required for operation of their metabolic processes.
Chordata (animals that possess a spinal column): Both reptiles and amphibians are vertebrates possessing a central vertebral column.
Skin color alteration: Skin color alteration by concentrating or dissipating melanin is possible in many amphibians and reptiles. Altering their skin coloration aids in camouflage and can help thermoregulation of body temperature.
Keen eyesight: Many lizards (reptiles) and frogs (amphibians) have sharp eyesight which is crucial for their precise capture of prey by flicking their tongues.
Defensive traits: Both reptiles and amphibians use camouflage, biting and inflating of the body to avoid predation. Lizards (reptiles) and salamanders (amphibians) both have the ability to autotomize which is a voluntary removal of the tail as a defensive response. One common defense is mimicry where animals that have no innate defensive protection mimic the bright colors of dangerous animals. For example, a harmless king snake might appear as a venomous coral snake.
The differences between reptiles and amphibians are challenging to identify. The below lists are an attempt to work through the haziness of distinction:
Reptiles
STEPHEN G. NOBLE
Turtles bask to thermoregulate and absorb UVB sunrays. Photo by Stephen G. Noble.
Respiration: All breathing is via lungs, however aquatic turtles have the ability to do a limited gas exchange underwater primarily during extended periods of cold temperature or inactivity. This condition is called brumation.
Feeding: Snakes are able to disjoin their upper and lower jaw to accommodate swallowing large prey whole.
Neck Vertebra: Multiple vertebra in the neck, allowing articulation.
Skin: Dry, scaly, watertight skin. Exposed parts are covered by bony scutes.
Reproduction: Leathery, soft or hard eggs laid on land or maintained inside the body until hatching. The reptile egg is self-contained and protects the embryo from dehydration.
Metamorphosis (profound change in form): Reptiles have no larval stages.
Longevity: Some tortoises have reportedly lived more than 180 years. The popular smooth green snake (Opheodrys vernalis) are reportedly living up to 15 years in captivity.
Defense: Three layers of protection are normally used by reptiles.
Avoidance: This is where the reptile evades danger through playing dead or retreats into a protective shell.
Warning: This is when the reptile alerts potential predators by releasing a foul smell; or they hiss and shake their tail tip like the rattlesnake. Several species of the horned lizard (Phrynosoma), are able to squirt foul tasting blood from their eyes to ward off predators. The dispensing of blood is called ocular autohemorrhaging. When warnings fail, some reptiles attack. Reptiles such as the alligator, snapping turtle
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┏─━─━─━─━∞◆∞━─━─━─━─┓
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┗─━─━─━─━∞◆∞━─━─━─━─┛
Vertebrate➫ The chordates that possess a backbone are called vertebrates.
► It is also a Subphylum Vertebrate.
➧ Characteristics are:-
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬⤵
❱ Body is bilaterally symmetrical.
❱ Body wall is triploblastic.
❱ Complex differentiation of body tissues & organs
❱ Notochord is present in the Embryo.
❱ nerve cord is divided into brain & spinal cord.
❱ Brain is enclosed in a brain box.
❱ Body is divided into head Thorax & abdomen.
❱ Body has two pairs of fins or names.
❱ Gills either present throughout life or by lungs.
➧ Subphylum Vertebrate divided into Five Classes:-
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬⤵
❶❭ Class Pisces:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ These are cold blooded.
❱ These are exclusively aquatic invertebrates.
❱ Body is streamlined.
❱ They have one pair of pectoral & pelvic fins.
❱ Respiration by 5 pairs of gills.
❱ Heart is two chambered.
❱ Skin is slimmy & covered with scales.
►Examples:- Electric Rays & DogFish
➧ Types 0f Class Pisces are:-
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬⤵
➀❭ Cartilaginous Fishes:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
◉ Mouth is ventral.
◉ It is totally marine.
◉ Tail is heterocercal.
◉ Endoskeleton is Cartilaginous.
②❭ Bony Fishes:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
◉ Mouth is trrminal.
◉ It is freshwater.
◉ Tail is homocercal.
◉ Endoskeleton is Bony.
❷❭ Class Amphibia:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are cold blooded animals.
❱ Body divided into head, trunk & Tail.
❱ Heart is three - Chambers.
❱ Fertilization is external & lay eggs.
❱ Respiration through gills, lungs & skin.
❱ They undergo hibernation & aestivation.
❱ Embryonic membrane is absent.
❱ Skin is a smooth & moist.
►Examples:- Seahorse & Catla
❸❭ Class Reptilia:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are cold blooded animals.
❱ Body divided into head, neck, trunk and tail.
❱ Heart is incompletely four chambered.
❱ Fertilization is internal.
❱ Respiration through gills.
❱ It is the first Terrestrial vertebrates.
❱ Embryonic membrane is present.
❱ Skin is rough & dry.
►Examples:- Frogs & Toads
❹❭ Class Aves:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ These are warm blooded.
❱ Feathers are present on the body.
❱ Respiration by lungs with air sacs.
❱ Mammary gland is absent.
❱ They are 0viparous. Beek present.
❱ Bones are flight.
❱ Sweat & oil gland is absent.
❱ External ear is absent.
►Examples:- Crows & Parrots
❺❭ Class Mammalia:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are also warm blooded.
❱ Body covered with hair.
❱ Respiration by lungs without air sacs.
❱ Mammary gland is present.
❱ Teeth are present.
❱ Sweet and all gland is present.
❱ Solid bones are present.
❱ Heart is four chamber.
❱ External ears are present.
►Examples:- Humans & Rabbits
_________
Thanks...✊
✭✮ӇЄƦЄ ƖƧ ƳƠƲƦ ƛƝƧƜЄƦ✮✭
┗─━─━─━─━∞◆∞━─━─━─━─┛
Vertebrate➫ The chordates that possess a backbone are called vertebrates.
► It is also a Subphylum Vertebrate.
➧ Characteristics are:-
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬⤵
❱ Body is bilaterally symmetrical.
❱ Body wall is triploblastic.
❱ Complex differentiation of body tissues & organs
❱ Notochord is present in the Embryo.
❱ nerve cord is divided into brain & spinal cord.
❱ Brain is enclosed in a brain box.
❱ Body is divided into head Thorax & abdomen.
❱ Body has two pairs of fins or names.
❱ Gills either present throughout life or by lungs.
➧ Subphylum Vertebrate divided into Five Classes:-
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬⤵
❶❭ Class Pisces:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ These are cold blooded.
❱ These are exclusively aquatic invertebrates.
❱ Body is streamlined.
❱ They have one pair of pectoral & pelvic fins.
❱ Respiration by 5 pairs of gills.
❱ Heart is two chambered.
❱ Skin is slimmy & covered with scales.
►Examples:- Electric Rays & DogFish
➧ Types 0f Class Pisces are:-
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬⤵
➀❭ Cartilaginous Fishes:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
◉ Mouth is ventral.
◉ It is totally marine.
◉ Tail is heterocercal.
◉ Endoskeleton is Cartilaginous.
②❭ Bony Fishes:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
◉ Mouth is trrminal.
◉ It is freshwater.
◉ Tail is homocercal.
◉ Endoskeleton is Bony.
❷❭ Class Amphibia:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are cold blooded animals.
❱ Body divided into head, trunk & Tail.
❱ Heart is three - Chambers.
❱ Fertilization is external & lay eggs.
❱ Respiration through gills, lungs & skin.
❱ They undergo hibernation & aestivation.
❱ Embryonic membrane is absent.
❱ Skin is a smooth & moist.
►Examples:- Seahorse & Catla
❸❭ Class Reptilia:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are cold blooded animals.
❱ Body divided into head, neck, trunk and tail.
❱ Heart is incompletely four chambered.
❱ Fertilization is internal.
❱ Respiration through gills.
❱ It is the first Terrestrial vertebrates.
❱ Embryonic membrane is present.
❱ Skin is rough & dry.
►Examples:- Frogs & Toads
❹❭ Class Aves:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ These are warm blooded.
❱ Feathers are present on the body.
❱ Respiration by lungs with air sacs.
❱ Mammary gland is absent.
❱ They are 0viparous. Beek present.
❱ Bones are flight.
❱ Sweat & oil gland is absent.
❱ External ear is absent.
►Examples:- Crows & Parrots
❺❭ Class Mammalia:-
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━☟
❱ They are also warm blooded.
❱ Body covered with hair.
❱ Respiration by lungs without air sacs.
❱ Mammary gland is present.
❱ Teeth are present.
❱ Sweet and all gland is present.
❱ Solid bones are present.
❱ Heart is four chamber.
❱ External ears are present.
►Examples:- Humans & Rabbits
_________
Thanks...✊
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