Why do heart have 4 Chambers? If you know only come to this question
Answers
Answer:
we humans
Explanation:
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Answer:
The heart are devided into chamber incase of humans to prevent the mixing of pure and impure blood and pumping it separately toward their respective area of needs …..
DEVELOPMENT
The major step in formation of the separate atrial and ventricular chambers is the ballooning of secondary myocardium from the outer curvature of the primary heart tube. The outpouchings that give rise to the appendages of the atrial chambers are derived initially from the same segment of the primary tube. The differentiation of these structures into morphologically right or left components is under the control of genes such as Pitx2, which determine left–right asymmetry.
The venous components of the atrial chambers, which represent the atrial inlets, appear sequentially. The systemic venous tributaries are in continuity with the primary atrial component from the outset of development, being part of the original circulatory system of the embryo. With remodelling, the entirety of this “sinus venosus” is shifted to open into the right side of the primary atrium. The pulmonary venous component of the left atrium, in contrast, is a new development. It appears concomitant with formation and vascularisation of the lung buds, using the remnant of the dorsal mesocardium at the venous pole to gain its access to the left side of the primary atrium, which persists as the extensive body of the left atrium. The initial atrial outlet, the atrioventricular canal, becomes incorporated into both definitive atriums as the vestibules of the atrioventricular valves.
Eventual separation of the atrial from the ventricular myocardium by formation of fibro-adipose tissue at the atrioventricular junctions is a late event, occurring subsequent to the completion of septation.
The basis of formation of the ventricles is the outpouching of their apical components from the inlet and outlet parts of the ventricular component of the primary heart tube, respectively.
It is the development of characteristic trabeculations within these apical parts that gives the definitive ventricles their morphologically right and left identity. This process is not under the control of Pitx2 and its associated genes since, while the atrial appendages develop in parallel from the primary atrial component of the tube, the apical ventricular components develop in series within the ventricular part of the heart tube. Thus, isomerism can be seen in the atrial, but not the ventricular components of the developing heart. The inlets and outlets to each definitive ventricle are produced by remodelling of the inner curvature of the primary heart tube, this then setting the scene for the completion of septation. The outlet component of the primary heart tube, initially with myocardial walls, is replaced distally by the intrapericardial components of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, with the processes involved in this separation still to be established. The proximal part of the outflow tract becomes converted, and separated, into the arterial valves, their supporting arterial sinuses, and the subarterial ventricular outflow tracts.
In some case the atrium or ventricle are not seen to fuse with each other which give major clinical complications. Eg :-blue baby syndrome,cyanosis (due to mixing of blood).