why do historians refer to the slave trade within the United States as the Second Middle Passage
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The first Middle Passage refers to the migration of African slaves by Americans when more than 3,88,000 Africans were directly transported to the United States but that officially ended in 1808. the second Middle Passage was more of a forced migration within the country from the upper south to the lower south.
It was a very cruel and destructive phase for these labourers so that they can be taken to work for cotton plantations within the country.
They had to march all the way through to reach their destination and this continued from 1830 to 1860.
Hence, historians often refer to the slave trade within the US as the second Middle Passage that was more brutal than the first one.
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