Why do living organisms need energy? From where do they get it and how
Answers
Cells cannot survive on their own. They need power to stay alive. They need energy to perform functions such as growth, maintaining balance, repair, reproduction, movement and defense. This means all living organisms must obtain and use energy to live.
While the sun is an excellent source of energy, not all forms of life can utilize the sun's energy directly. This lesson describes how plants transform the sun's energy into potential energy stored in sugar, how living organisms utilize energy in sugar to perform work, and how the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is necessary for life.
Energy and Life
Organisms use sugar as a source of energy to do work.
Sugar Is Energy
All living things require energy to do the work necessary for survival and reproduction. This is true for bacteria, plants, and animals. Energy is simply the ability to do work, where work is done when a force moves an object. Let's consider your own needs for a moment. You need energy to turn on and turn off your computer. You need energy to get out of bed in the morning. You even need energy to listen to this lesson and think about what it says. And, yes, you need energy to reproduce.
On Earth, energy ultimately comes from the sun. Plants use the sun's energy to make sugar. Organisms, in turn, use sugar as a source of energy to do work.
Plants use energy from sunlight to make sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. The process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted to sugar and oxygen using sunlight is referred to as photosynthesis. This is an endergonic reaction, meaning energy is required by the reaction. Specifically, energy is required to put the carbon dioxide and the water molecules together to form sugar. Sun provides the energy needed to drive photosynthesis, and some of the energy used to make the sugar is stored in the sugar molecule.
The sun provides the energy needed to drive photosynthesis.
Organisms break down the sugar to release its stored energy. The energy released from the breakdown of sugar is used by the cells to make another chemical that we call adenosine triphosphate, or simply abbreviated ATP. The synthesis of ATP by cells is referred to as cellular respiration. This is an exergonic reaction as energy is released as a result of the reaction. Energy is released when the sugar is broken down into smaller parts: carbon dioxide and water. As you can see on the screen, sugar and oxygen are the reactants, and carbon dioxide and water are the products of cellular respiration.
Well it should, because cellular respiration is simply the reverse of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related as the products of one become the reactants for the other. In fact, cellular respiration and photosynthesis are dependent on one another.
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The following are the reasons why all the living organisms requires energy -
1. They require energy to be able to survive in this world.
2. Also, energy is required to perform the process of reproduction.
3. They require energy for the proper working of their cell and the immune system.
They get energy from the food that they eat. These energy gets transferred from 1 level to the other through the food chains.