why do small,medium and large farmers do with surplus wheat
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Q.1. What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming methods?
Ans. Difference between Multiple Cropping and Modern Farming :
Multiple cropping and modern farming are two ways of increasing production from the same
piece of land. Under multiple cropping, production is increased by growing more than one crop
on a piece of land during the year. It is the most common way of raising agricultural
Under modern farming method, production is increased by using modern technology in
place of traditional agricultural practices. Under this method, high yielding varieties (HYVs)
of seeds are used in place of simple seeds. HYV seeds promise to produce much greater
production.
amounts of grain on a single plant. Again, chemical fertilisers are used in place of cow dung
and other natural manures.
Q.2. The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green
Revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution
equally successful for both the crops? Discuss.
Table 1.2 : Production of pulses and wheat
Production of Pulses Production of Wheat
1965 – 66
1970 – 71
1980 – 81
1990 – 91
2000 – 01
10
12
11
14
11
10
24
36
55
70
Ans. Graph showing production of pulses and wheat.
The graph clearly shows that Green Revolution was more successful in wheat crop. In fact,
there was nothing like Green Revolution in case of pulses.
2
HAN
PR
Q.3. What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
Ans. Working capital required by the farmer using modern farming includes the following :
(ii) Chemical fertilisers
modern or traditional or mixed do the farmers use?
(v) Diesel
Q.4. What kind of farming methods —
Ans. In India, some farmers (mainly large farmers) use modern methods of farming. Farmers of
Punjab, Haryana and western U.P. use these methods. However, small and marginal farmers
all over the country still use traditional methods of cultivation. However, some of them have
begun to use better seeds, chemical fertilisers, etc. In fact, we find farmers using modern
(i) HYV seeds
(iii) Pesticides
(iv) Water
(vi) Cash or money in hand
Write a note.
Ans. (i) Canals
A majority of the farmers in India continue to depend on rains as source of irrigation.
Q.6. How much of the cultivated land is irrigated? (very little/nearly half/majority/all)
Ans. Nearly half.
methods along with the farmers who still use traditional methods.
Q.5. What are the sources of irrigation?
(ii) Tubewells
(iii) Tanks
Q.7. From where do farmers obtain the inputs that they require?
Ans. Farmers obtain the required inputs from the traders.
Q.8. Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor?
Ans. Both Dala and Ramkali are among the poorest people in village Palampur.
Dala is a landless farm labourer who works on daily wages. He fails to get regular work in
the fields because of mechanisation of agriculture.
Similarly, Ramkali hopes to get lesser work even during the harvesting season this year. Last
3
year she worked for less than five months in the entire year. Due to past debt, the village
moneylender has refused to give her any more loan.
So Dala and Ramkali are poor.
Q.9. Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in north Bihar. Out of a total of 850 households
in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and
Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common
in most villages across India. Why do people migrate? Can you describe (based on your
imagination) the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place
of destination?
Ans. Some people (250 in number) of Gosaipur and Majauli have migrated to the rural areas of
Punjab, Haryana, Mumbai, Nagpur etc. The migrants are employed by the large farmers of
these regions either as regular workers or as daily wage workers.
Q.10. What does Tejpal Singh do with his earnings?
Ans. Tejpal Singh — a large farmer of the village — deposits most of his earnings in the bank. Then
he uses this accumulated money for lending to poor farmers like Savita. He also uses this
money to arrange for the working and fixed capital for cultivation.
Q.12. (a)
Ans. (a) Sugarcane crushing machine and sugarcane.
(b) Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit because of high price of sugarcane.
(c) He might face a loss when
(i) sugarcane price rises further
(d) Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur because he gets a better price.
(ii) demand for jaggery declines
Ans. Difference between Multiple Cropping and Modern Farming :
Multiple cropping and modern farming are two ways of increasing production from the same
piece of land. Under multiple cropping, production is increased by growing more than one crop
on a piece of land during the year. It is the most common way of raising agricultural
Under modern farming method, production is increased by using modern technology in
place of traditional agricultural practices. Under this method, high yielding varieties (HYVs)
of seeds are used in place of simple seeds. HYV seeds promise to produce much greater
production.
amounts of grain on a single plant. Again, chemical fertilisers are used in place of cow dung
and other natural manures.
Q.2. The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green
Revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution
equally successful for both the crops? Discuss.
Table 1.2 : Production of pulses and wheat
Production of Pulses Production of Wheat
1965 – 66
1970 – 71
1980 – 81
1990 – 91
2000 – 01
10
12
11
14
11
10
24
36
55
70
Ans. Graph showing production of pulses and wheat.
The graph clearly shows that Green Revolution was more successful in wheat crop. In fact,
there was nothing like Green Revolution in case of pulses.
2
HAN
PR
Q.3. What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
Ans. Working capital required by the farmer using modern farming includes the following :
(ii) Chemical fertilisers
modern or traditional or mixed do the farmers use?
(v) Diesel
Q.4. What kind of farming methods —
Ans. In India, some farmers (mainly large farmers) use modern methods of farming. Farmers of
Punjab, Haryana and western U.P. use these methods. However, small and marginal farmers
all over the country still use traditional methods of cultivation. However, some of them have
begun to use better seeds, chemical fertilisers, etc. In fact, we find farmers using modern
(i) HYV seeds
(iii) Pesticides
(iv) Water
(vi) Cash or money in hand
Write a note.
Ans. (i) Canals
A majority of the farmers in India continue to depend on rains as source of irrigation.
Q.6. How much of the cultivated land is irrigated? (very little/nearly half/majority/all)
Ans. Nearly half.
methods along with the farmers who still use traditional methods.
Q.5. What are the sources of irrigation?
(ii) Tubewells
(iii) Tanks
Q.7. From where do farmers obtain the inputs that they require?
Ans. Farmers obtain the required inputs from the traders.
Q.8. Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor?
Ans. Both Dala and Ramkali are among the poorest people in village Palampur.
Dala is a landless farm labourer who works on daily wages. He fails to get regular work in
the fields because of mechanisation of agriculture.
Similarly, Ramkali hopes to get lesser work even during the harvesting season this year. Last
3
year she worked for less than five months in the entire year. Due to past debt, the village
moneylender has refused to give her any more loan.
So Dala and Ramkali are poor.
Q.9. Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in north Bihar. Out of a total of 850 households
in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and
Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common
in most villages across India. Why do people migrate? Can you describe (based on your
imagination) the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place
of destination?
Ans. Some people (250 in number) of Gosaipur and Majauli have migrated to the rural areas of
Punjab, Haryana, Mumbai, Nagpur etc. The migrants are employed by the large farmers of
these regions either as regular workers or as daily wage workers.
Q.10. What does Tejpal Singh do with his earnings?
Ans. Tejpal Singh — a large farmer of the village — deposits most of his earnings in the bank. Then
he uses this accumulated money for lending to poor farmers like Savita. He also uses this
money to arrange for the working and fixed capital for cultivation.
Q.12. (a)
Ans. (a) Sugarcane crushing machine and sugarcane.
(b) Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit because of high price of sugarcane.
(c) He might face a loss when
(i) sugarcane price rises further
(d) Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur because he gets a better price.
(ii) demand for jaggery declines
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