Question

Why does a pond of water appear shallower than it actually is?

Answer 1

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$<b>A pond of water appears shallower than actually is this is because the rays of the light coming from a point at its bottom bend away when they enter from water to air.$

Therefore, we see the pond shallower than actually it is.

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Answer 2

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$<b>$This is a very good example of refraction. Due to light slowing down because of the optical density of the medium, light turns to some angle towards the normal of the surface of the medium of separation inside. If you made the light go through denser and denser medium, it would go more and more closer to the normal of the surface. But here, to see the bottom of the tank or pond, light have to come from the bottom of the pond which is the denser medium to air and then to your eyes, which is the rarer medium. So when this happens, light bends away from the normal, so it appears that even if the bottom of the pond is low, it looks as if its not so shallow at all.