Why does an operational amplifier need two power supplies?
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The power supply or the two rail is to provide range of operation for bipolar signals. Normally a circuit have two supplies viz VCC and GND. normally the ground is 0V and VCC the highest possible voltage value. But if we make a circuit with OpAmp say an inverting amplifier The OpAmp can swing between on 0v and VCC, but it the signal os bipolar (its has a base line and goes values in both direction [+ve] and [-ve]) , the -ve part will get cut off. inorder to include both values we provide +vcc,-vcc and 0v as the base line, so OpAmp can swing between +vcc and - vcc.
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