Question

Why does oxygen exist as a diatomic molecule while the other element in the group in the group 16 exist as polyatomic molecules?

Answer 1

Atoms always try to have full “shells” of electrons. If they have not enough electrons to make full shells, they can find more by sharing electrons with another atom. For the halogen gases, and oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, this is easily accomplished by pairing up.

Elemental oxygen is not only found in pairs: it can also be found in the form of ozone, a molecule with 3 oxygen atoms.

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