why does sun appear higher than its actual position during sunrise and sunset?
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Refraction at Sunrise and Sunset. This effect is especially powerful for objects that appear close to the horizon, such as the rising or setting Sun, because the light rays enter the Earth's atmosphere at a particularly shallow angle.
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Because the density of air near the earth is large and gradually decrease on going far. Due to decrease in density refractive index of air decrease. So, the sunlight passes from rare to dense medium of spherical layers. So, they bend towards normal so the sun appears higher than actual due to refraction of light in atmosphere.
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