Question

why does the passenger fall in the backward direction when the bus suddenly starts?

Answer 1

When the bus suddenly starts, the lower part of our body moves (because it is touching the ground of bus) but upper part falls because of inertia of passenger is at rest. That is why passenger falls towards back when the bus suddenly starts.
:)

Answer 2

The passengers in a bus tend to fall backward when it starts suddenly due to inertia as the passengers tend to remain in the state of rest while the bus starts to move. When the bus stops suddenly, people fall forward because their inertia as they are in state of motion even when the bus has come to rest.

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