Why don't carboxylic acid react towards catalytic hydrogenation?
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This means to produce the alcohol faster, we must manipulate the kinetics of the reaction.
To understand why the carbonyl-reduction transition state is higher in energy, we should consider the differences between the carbonyl and alkene bonds. The bonds are much more polarized, and as such the carbonyl ππ bond is considerably stronger than alkene (93 kcal mol−193 kcal mol−1 vs. 63 kcal mol−163 kcal mol−1). This means that at low temperatures, only a small fraction of the molecules have enough energy for the carbonyls to associate onto the Pd/CPd/Csurface. Catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, and especially esters) requires high temperatures and pressures to increase the presence of both the substrate and hydrogen on the catalyst
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To understand why the carbonyl-reduction transition state is higher in energy, we should consider the differences between the carbonyl and alkene bonds. The bonds are much more polarized, and as such the carbonyl ππ bond is considerably stronger than alkene (93 kcal mol−193 kcal mol−1 vs. 63 kcal mol−163 kcal mol−1). This means that at low temperatures, only a small fraction of the molecules have enough energy for the carbonyls to associate onto the Pd/CPd/Csurface. Catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, and especially esters) requires high temperatures and pressures to increase the presence of both the substrate and hydrogen on the catalyst
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because the double bond is present between C and O... if we do catalytic hydrogenation then only C=C is catalysed .... not C=O because the catalyst used is not capable of breaking C=O and add Hydrogen there...
but if we use some other catalyst or provide intense heat the we can break C=O...
Thank u.... Hope u understand
but if we use some other catalyst or provide intense heat the we can break C=O...
Thank u.... Hope u understand
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