Question

Why electromagnetic wave does not require any medium t travel ?

Answer 1

These changing fields form electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate. This means that electromagnetic waves can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.

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Answer 2

Electromagnetic waves are bit different from other waves that we see in nature. In many kinds of waves, like sound waves or water waves, the wave is the oscillation of some variable within a body. With sound waves it is the pressure of the air, and with water waves it is the height of the water in a lake or ocean.

However, electromagnetic waves are the oscillation of the electric and magnetic fields in space. The electric and magnetic fields are force fields, which exist without a medium. They are just there. They are created by electric charges and currents, and they extend from their sources through the vacuum across the entire universe. When an electric charge and/or current oscillates, it causes the electric and magnetic field to oscillate. But, these oscillations don’t appear instantaneously everywhere, they propagate at the speed of light from the oscillating source. And thus, you get electromagnetic waves. It’s as simple as that.

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