Question

why formic acid gives the test of aldehyde and acids both?????

Answer 1

Formic acid has both a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, making it able to act as both a carboxylic acid and an aldehyde.
Regarding its aldehyde properties, formic acid, upon reacting with a reducing agent (Tollen’s reagent, Fehling’s reagent, Benedict’s reagent, is oxidised firstly to a geminal diol, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water . For instance, the reaction with Tollen’s reagent (diamine silver complex ion)

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