Why hclo3 is stronger acid than hclo2
Answers
Both of these acids, chloric acid HClO3, HClO2
Why is HClO3 a stronger acid than HClO2?
Both of these acids, chloric acid ([math]\text{HClO}_3[/math]), and chlorous acid ([math]\text{HClO}_2[/math]) are a type of acid called the oxyacids, characterized by having oxygen in them. Generally, the greater the number of oxygens in an oxyacid, the stronger an acid it is.
Let’s take a look at the structures of the two acids:
Chloric acid
Chlorous acid
In both of them, the hydrogen is bonded to one of the oxygens, which is in turn bonded to the central atom, chlorine, to which all of the other oxygens are attached.
In both, the oxygens bonded to the chlorine but not to the hydrogen draw the electrons in the O—H bond towards the chlorine and the oxygen, making the O—H bond more polar. This effect is greater of the chloric acid than for the chlorous acid, since it has more of these aforementioned oxygens. This results in a stronger acid, as the hydrogen will more readily dissociate in a more polar bond. Thus, chloric acid is a stronger acid than chlorous acid.
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Originally Answered: Why is HClO3 a stronger acid than HClO2?
The series of H, Cl, and O acids are as follows:
HClO4 = perchloric acid
HClO3 = chloric acid
HClO2 = chlorous acid
HClO = hypochlorous acid
The general rule is that the acid is stronger if it has more O atoms in a series such as this. HClO4, perchloric acid, is a very strong acid as is HClO3. HClO2 is a weak acid and HClO is even weaker.
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It can be simply explained by considering the stability of conjugate bases or corresponding anions.Perchlorate ion is more stable than chlorate or hypochlorite ions for having more resonating forms through delocalisation of the negative charge.Thus we see more oxygen atoms means more possible strutures & which means stronger the acid.
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Originally Answered: Why is HClO3 a stronger acid than HClO2?
The more oxygen atoms in the acid, the more inductive effects that makes more electronegative the atom that binds the hydrogen, in this case the oxygen in O-H. The more electronegative that Oxygen atom, the harder it pulls the electrons in the H-O bond util it breaks
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Originally Answered: Why is HClO3 stronger than HClO2?
HClO3 (chloric acid) is a stronger acid than HClO2 (chlorous acid) for the following reason. If we look at the conjugate bases, ClO2(-) and ClO3(-), we find that the negative charge is delocalized over two oxygen atoms in ClO2(-) and over three oxygen atoms in ClO3(-). That’s one reason that ClO2(-) is a stronger base than ClO3(-).
Another factor stabilizing ClO3(-) over ClO2(-) is the charge on the central atom, chlorine. If we approximate this charge by the oxidation number (+5 for ClO3(-) and +3 for ClO2(-)), we see that the Cl in ClO3(-) has more attractive force to a negatively charged oxygen than the Cl in ClO2(-). If you use formal charges (+2 for ClO3(-) and +1 for ClO2(-)), you come to the same conclusion.
For these two reasons, ClO3(-) is a weaker base than ClO2(-), making HClO3 the stronger acid over HClO2.
Explanation:
According to Lewis, acids are the species which readily accept electrons. Whereas bases are the species which donate electrons to electron deficient or electropositive ions.
Therefore, more positive is the oxidation state of an element more electron deficient it will be. Hence, readily it will accept electrons and behaves as a strong acid. Also, more is the oxidation state weaker will be O-H bond.
As a result, the compound will be able to give hydrogen ions more readily.
So, in the oxidation state of Cl (central atom) is +5. In
the oxidation state of Cl is +3.
That is why, is a stronger acid.