Question

why in calorie definition water is taken instead of other substances

Answer 1

Experience and experiments quickly showed that all substances need different amounts of heat to raise their temperatures by one degree Celsius. Stand by a blacksmith as he or she pounds on a red hot bar of iron, the sparks will fly. Those shards of metal are very, very hot, (their temperature is high). But if one of them lands you your bare skin, apart from the shock, it is unlikely that you will be burned. On the other hand, let a drop of hot water fall on your skin at a temperature much below that of the hot iron, and you will probably be scalded. Despite the difference in temperature, water is holding much more heat than the iron.

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