Question

Why inspiration is an active process, while expiration is a passive process?

Answer 1

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# when the chest cavity enlarges,
Because of the contraction of the muscles, inspiration occurs.

# expiration is the passive process because, of the elastic properties of the lungs.

{ NOTE : inspiration is also called inhalation while, expiration is called exhalation. }

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Answer 2

Intercostal and Phrenic muscles of diaphragm contact to increase the volume of thoracic cavity therefore outside air rushes inside causing inspiration.
Due to decrease in volume of thoracic cavity air pressure within lungs increase, the greater pressure within lungs causes forceful expiration of air from lungs to outside of the body.