Why is a zener diode considered as a special purpose semiconductor diode? Draw the I-V characteristics of Zener diode and explain briefly how reverse current suddenly increase at the breakdown voltage? Describe briefly with the help of a circuit diagram how a zener diode works to obtain a constantDC voltage from the unregulated DC output of a rectifier.
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A zener diode is considered as a special purpose semiconductor diode because it is designed to operate under reverse bias in the breakdown region. We know that reverse current is due to the flow of electrons (minority carriers) from p → n and holes from n → p. Thus, the zener diode acts as a voltage regulator.
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