Why is an ammeter ,low resistance is connected in parallel with the coil of galvanometer
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An ammeter is always connected in series to a circuit. Since Galvanometer is a very sensitive instrument therefore it can't measure heavy currents. In order to convert a Galvanometer into an Ammeter, a very low resistance known as "shunt"resistance is connected in parallel to Galvanometer.
There are several different types of ammeters. I believe you're describing one that uses a shunt, which has low resistance and is capable of passing a large amount of current.
This type uses a calibrated volt meter that measures the voltage across the shunt to determine the current flowing through it. Ohm’s law I = V/R.
The resistive component is the darker parts. Its resistance must be precise in order for the measurement to be accurate.
Notice the two cutouts at the bottom? Those were punched out when it was calibrated at the factory. This was done to ensure the shunt resistance meets its design spec.
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