Question

Why is cotton textile industry decentralised in India ? Answer it in an understandable way

Answer 1

Causes of Decentralisation of cotton textile industries in India -


1. Advent of Electricity:

With the coming of electricity, it is no longer necessary to locate the factories near coal-mines or on the banks of rivers or streams.

Electricity can be supplied at a distance of hundreds of miles from the generating station.



2 . Risk of Bombing:

The last war has shown that centralisation is dangerous, as a crowded area is more vulnerable to bombing from the air. Wise governments, therefore, encourage the spreading out of industry. The industry gets decentralised.


3 . Development of Means of Transport:

On account of improved transport, distant markets can be approached and distant sources of raw materials tapped. The industry need not be located near the market or near the raw materials, if there are other more important advantages elsewhere. Thus industry gets decentralised.


4 . Higher Costs in Old Centres:

A rise in costs in old industrial centres and concessions available elsewhere help decentralisation. It is found that as industries grow up, rents rise and so do the municipal taxes. The cost of living also goes up which necessitates the payments of higher wages. Factory sites also become very costly.


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Answer 2

Cotton textiles is neither a weight losing, nor a weight gainer industry. So location close to raw material is not needed and other factors become important.
Historical factors like emphasis on charkha by Mahatama Gandhi have helped it spread even in remotest of villages.
Government policies of favoring handlooms has also favored decentralization.
Cheap labor is a requirement. This is abundant all over India.
Family labor is used in textiles industry. Workers pick up necessary skills working within the family itself.
Some areas like Gujarat and Maharashtra have large industries due to better infrastructure and location close to major cities and ports
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