why is d⁵ half filled configuration more stable than d⁴ configuration?
Answers
Answer:
Did you ever think that why the half filled or completely filled orbitals are more stable then any other electronic configuration …….. this is because of a phenomenon known as exchange energy .
Electrons are always in a state of motion , they are never still but according to the orbital diagrams it is shown that an electron occupies a particular set of quantum numbers and stays in a particular region ……. this is not true electrons always exchange their magentic quantum numbers , they stay in the same subshell but can travel to different orbitals
For example for carbon if we consider , the electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p2 so the two electrons of the 2p subshell are always in a state of motion and continiously change their places ( the exchange is not possible in case of s subshell because the electrons cannot change their spin) …….. that is why in half filled or completely filled orbitals the electrons get a larger area to change their positions as compared to any other electronic configuration and the stability increases as the electrons are in a state of dynamic equilibrium
The greater the exchange energy , the more stable the atom is .
The formula for calculating the exchange energy is
Eex = (N(N-1))/2 *K , where N is the number of orbitals occupied by the electrons (not equal to magnetic quantum number , in some elements there is an exceptional electronic configuration such as cobalt, copper where the value of N is not equal to magnetic quantum number) and K is a specific constant in whose terms the exchange energy is expressed
So for d5 type of electronic configuration ,
the value of Eex is (5*4)/2 * K
Eex = 10 K
And for d10 type of electronic configuration ,
the value of Eex is (5*4)/2 * K + (5*4)/2 * K (because the electrons with parellel spin can exchange theirpositions within themselves and the electrons with antiparellel spin can exchange their positions within themselves)
Eex = 10 K + 10 K
Eex = 20 K
So the d10 type of electronic configuration is more stable than the d5 type of electronic configuration .
Explanation:
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