why is one seismograph station not enough?
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stationfor recording oscillations of the earth's surface caused by earthquakes and for the primary processing of the records obtained. ... Regional stations are designed to record nearby earthquakes with epicentral distances up to 2,000 km.
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Because a seismograph can only measure the distance to the epicenter. If the earthquake was 30 seconds away it can fall anywhere on a circle one minute across. If another seismograph reads the earthquake as 20 seconds away the two circles will intersect if the the seismographs are less than 50 seconds apart, but unless they are exactly 50 seconds apart the circles will meet at two points. To determine which of these two points is the epicenter a third station that isn't equidistant from those two possible epicenters is necessary.
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