Question

why is pure ethanoic acid called glacial ethanoic acid ?

Answer 1

Pure and concentrated Acetic acid is called as Glacial Acetic Acid . Below 16.7 degree Celsius it turns into a colorless crystalline solid. I think because of crystallization property of this compound at the said temperature it may have got the name prefix Glacial. You might have seen the glacial mountains which are covered by snow ( water is precipitated as snow). On this context it may has got this name....

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Answer 2

Acetic acid that contains a very low amount of water (less than 1%) is called anhydrous (water-free) acetic acid or glacial acetic acid. The reason it's called glacial is because it solidifies into solid acetic acid crystals just cooler than room temperature at 16.7 °C, which ice.