Question

Why is sound wave called longitudinal wave

Answer 1

Sound waves in air (and any fluid medium) are longitudinal wavesbecause particles of the medium through which the sound is transported vibrate parallel to the direction that the sound wave moves.

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Answer 2

For a sound wave traveling through air, the vibrations of the particles are best described as longitudinal. Longitudinal waves are waves in which the motion of the individual particles of the medium is in a direction that is parallel to the direction of energy transport.