why is the movement of Air on Earth is not exactly in north south direction
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due to temperature difference , as well as the difference between high & low pressure s.
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Wind == horizontal movement of air
Currents == vertical movement of air.
Winds balance uneven distribution of pressure globally.
Winds help in transfer of heat, moisture etc. from one place to another.
Sun is the ultimate force that drives winds. Pressure differences force winds to flow from high pressure are to low pressure area. Pressure differences in turn are caused by unequal heating of the earth’s surface by solar radiation.
The wind at the surface experiences friction. In addition, rotation of the earth also affects the wind movement. The force exerted by the rotation of the earth is known as the Coriolis force.
Thus, the horizontal winds near the earth surface respond to the combined effect of three forces – the pressure gradient force, the frictional force and the Coriolis force.
In addition, the gravitational force acts downwards. Centripetal acceleration produces a circular pattern of flow around centers of high and low pressure.
The differences in atmospheric pressure produces pressure gradient force.
The rate of change of pressure with respect to distance is the pressure gradient.
Pressure Gradient Force operates from the high pressure area to a low pressure area and causes wind movement.
The pressure gradient is strong where the isobars are close to each other and is weak where the isobars are apart.
Since a closely spaced gradient implies a steep pressure change, it also indicates a strong wind speed.
The wind direction follows the direction of change of pressure, i.e. perpendicular to the isobars.
The rotation of the earth about its axis affects the direction of the wind. This force is called the Coriolis force. It has great impact on the direction of wind movement.
Due to the earth’s rotation, winds do not cross the isobars at right angles as the pressure gradient force directs, but get deflected from their original path.
This deviation is the result of the earth’s rotation and is called the Coriolis effect or Coriolis force.
Due to this effect, winds in the northern hemisphere get deflected to the right of their path and those in the southern hemisphere to their left, following Farrell’s Law (the law that wind is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, derived from the application of the Coriolis effect to air masses).
This deflection force does not seem to exist until the air is set in motion and increases with wind velocity, air mass and an increase in latitude.
The Coriolis force acts perpendicular to the pressure gradient force (pressure gradient force is perpendicular to an isobar)
As a result of these two forces operating perpendicular to each other, in the low-pressure areas the wind blows around it (cyclonic conditions).
Currents == vertical movement of air.
Winds balance uneven distribution of pressure globally.
Winds help in transfer of heat, moisture etc. from one place to another.
Sun is the ultimate force that drives winds. Pressure differences force winds to flow from high pressure are to low pressure area. Pressure differences in turn are caused by unequal heating of the earth’s surface by solar radiation.
The wind at the surface experiences friction. In addition, rotation of the earth also affects the wind movement. The force exerted by the rotation of the earth is known as the Coriolis force.
Thus, the horizontal winds near the earth surface respond to the combined effect of three forces – the pressure gradient force, the frictional force and the Coriolis force.
In addition, the gravitational force acts downwards. Centripetal acceleration produces a circular pattern of flow around centers of high and low pressure.
The differences in atmospheric pressure produces pressure gradient force.
The rate of change of pressure with respect to distance is the pressure gradient.
Pressure Gradient Force operates from the high pressure area to a low pressure area and causes wind movement.
The pressure gradient is strong where the isobars are close to each other and is weak where the isobars are apart.
Since a closely spaced gradient implies a steep pressure change, it also indicates a strong wind speed.
The wind direction follows the direction of change of pressure, i.e. perpendicular to the isobars.
The rotation of the earth about its axis affects the direction of the wind. This force is called the Coriolis force. It has great impact on the direction of wind movement.
Due to the earth’s rotation, winds do not cross the isobars at right angles as the pressure gradient force directs, but get deflected from their original path.
This deviation is the result of the earth’s rotation and is called the Coriolis effect or Coriolis force.
Due to this effect, winds in the northern hemisphere get deflected to the right of their path and those in the southern hemisphere to their left, following Farrell’s Law (the law that wind is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, derived from the application of the Coriolis effect to air masses).
This deflection force does not seem to exist until the air is set in motion and increases with wind velocity, air mass and an increase in latitude.
The Coriolis force acts perpendicular to the pressure gradient force (pressure gradient force is perpendicular to an isobar)
As a result of these two forces operating perpendicular to each other, in the low-pressure areas the wind blows around it (cyclonic conditions).
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