Question

why is the revolt of 1857 called the first war of independence what were its immediate causes

Answer 1

The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was the introduction of Enfield rifles whose cartidges were said to have greased cover made of beef and pork sparked off the revolt.




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Answer 2

Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their resentment. The rumour that the cartridge in the newly supplied Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked them. It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers. The soldiers who were unwilling to use the new cartridges were punished by the officers. In Barrackpore in Bengal, Mangal Pandey, an Indian soldier, shot at a British officer, who forced him to use the new cartridge. He was arrested and hanged to death. People from all walks of life including kings, farmers, craftsmen, etc took part in the rebellion. The British rule had adversely affected the kings too. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of inefficient rule and were annexed by the British. This made the kings to lead the rebellion.

Though the revolt could not succeed completely, it was marked as the foremost massive resistance of the Indians against the British. It brought about several changes in the policies and administration of the British. The British Parliament took over India from the British East India Company.