why magnification is taken as negative for real image and taken as positive for virtual image
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Magnification = Image height / Object height
Thus. according to the sign conventions :-
Object is always placed above the principal axis so it will be positive.
1] Real images are always inverted and lie below the principal axis and are thus negative. Therefore, m = - / + = - incase of real images.
2] Virtual images are always erect and lie above the principal axis and are thus positive. Therefore , m = + / + = + incase of virtual images.
Thus. according to the sign conventions :-
Object is always placed above the principal axis so it will be positive.
1] Real images are always inverted and lie below the principal axis and are thus negative. Therefore, m = - / + = - incase of real images.
2] Virtual images are always erect and lie above the principal axis and are thus positive. Therefore , m = + / + = + incase of virtual images.
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