Why malayalam year differ from world year?
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There are multiple conflicting accounts regarding the origins of the Malayalam calendar, some of which are mentioned below:
The origin of Kollam Era has been dated to 825 AD, when the great convention in Kollam was held at the behest of King Kulashekhara. Kollam was an important town in that period, and the Malayalam Era is called 'Kollavarsham', possibly as a result of the Tharisapalli plates.According to Hermann Gundert, Kollavarsham started as part of erecting a new Shiva Temple in Kollam and because of the strictly local and religious background, the other regions did not follow this system at first. Once Kollam port emerged as an important trade center, however, the other countries also started to follow the new system of calendar. This theory backs the remarks of Ibn Battuta as well.[4][5]It is believed that the era was started by the East Syrian saints Mar Sabor and Mar Prothwho settled in Korukeni, Kollam, near to the present Kollam.[4][6][7]
MonthsEdit
The Malayalam months follows the Sanskritic Sauramāsa (solar month) convention. Thus Cingam is named after the corresponding Sanskrit solar month, the Simham, and so on. This is unlike the case in Tulu and Tamil calendar which follow the names of lunar months. The following are the months of the astronomical Malayalam calendar:
Comparative table showing corresponding months of other calendarsMonths in Malayalam EraInMalayalamSanskrit solar monthGregorian CalendarTulu calendarTamil calendarSaka eraSign of ZodiacChingamചിങ്ങംSiṃhaAugust–SeptemberSonaAavaniŚravana–BhādrapadaLeoKanniകന്നിKanyāSeptember–OctoberNirnaalaPurattasiBhādrapada–AśvinaVirgoThulamതുലാംTulāOctober–NovemberBonthyelAippasiAśvina–KārtikaLibraVrishchikamവൃശ്ചികംVṛścikamNovember–DecemberJaardeKarthigaiKārtika–MārgaśīrṣaScorpioDhanuധനുDhanuDecember–JanuaryPeraardeMargazhiMārgaśīrṣa–PauṣaSagittariusMakaramമകരംMakaraJanuary–FebruaryPonnyThaiPauṣa–MāghaCapriconKumbhamകുംഭംKumbhaFebruary–MarchMaayiMaasiMāgha–PhālgunaAquariusMeenamമീനംMīnaMarch–AprilSuggyPanguniPhālguna–ChaitraPiscesMeṭamമേടംMeṣaApril–MayPagguChithiraiChaitra– VaiśākhaAriesEṭavamഇടവംVṛṣabhaMay–JuneBesaVaikasiVaiśākha–JyaiṣṭhaTaurusMithunamമിഥുനംMithunaJune–JulyKaarthelAaniJyaiṣṭha–ĀṣāḍhaGeminiKarkaṭakamകര്ക്കടകംKarkaṭakaJuly–AugustAatyAadiĀṣāḍha–ŚrāvaṇaCancer
DaysEdit
The days of the week in the Malayalam calendar are suffixed with Aazhcha (ആഴ്ച), meaning week.
Comparative table showing corresponding weekdaysMalayalamമലയാളംEnglishKannadaTamilHindiHijri(Arabic)PunjabiNjayarഞായർSundayBhanuvaraNyaayiruRavivaral-aḥadRavivara (ੜਰਿਰਾਹ)Thinkalതിങ്കൾMondaySomavaraThingalSomvaral-ithnaynSovara (ਸੋਰਾਹਾ)Chowvaചൊവ്വTuesdayMangalavaraChevvaiMangalvaral-thalāthāʾMangla Var (ਝੱਗਲਾ ਰਾਥ)BudhanബുധൻWednesdayBudhavaraBhudhanBudhvaral-arbaʿāBudhvarʾ (ਬੁਦ੍ਝਰਾਹ)Vyazhamവ്യാഴംThursdayGuruvaraVyazhanGuruvaral-khamīsGurūvar (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਾਰ)Velliവെള്ളിFridayShukravaraVelliSukravaral-jumuʿahTa visvar (ਤਾਂ ਹਿਥਹਾਹ)ShaniശനിSaturdayShanivaraShaniShanivaral-sabtSanivar (ਸਯੀਰਾਥ।)
Like the months above, there are twenty sevenstars starting from Aswati (Ashvinī in Sanskrit) and ending in Revatī. The 365 days of the year are divided into groups of fourteen days called Ñattuvela (ഞാറ്റുവേല), each one bearing the name of a star.
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The origin of Kollam Era has been dated to 825 AD, when the great convention in Kollam was held at the behest of King Kulashekhara. Kollam was an important town in that period, and the Malayalam Era is called 'Kollavarsham', possibly as a result of the Tharisapalli plates.According to Hermann Gundert, Kollavarsham started as part of erecting a new Shiva Temple in Kollam and because of the strictly local and religious background, the other regions did not follow this system at first. Once Kollam port emerged as an important trade center, however, the other countries also started to follow the new system of calendar. This theory backs the remarks of Ibn Battuta as well.[4][5]It is believed that the era was started by the East Syrian saints Mar Sabor and Mar Prothwho settled in Korukeni, Kollam, near to the present Kollam.[4][6][7]
MonthsEdit
The Malayalam months follows the Sanskritic Sauramāsa (solar month) convention. Thus Cingam is named after the corresponding Sanskrit solar month, the Simham, and so on. This is unlike the case in Tulu and Tamil calendar which follow the names of lunar months. The following are the months of the astronomical Malayalam calendar:
Comparative table showing corresponding months of other calendarsMonths in Malayalam EraInMalayalamSanskrit solar monthGregorian CalendarTulu calendarTamil calendarSaka eraSign of ZodiacChingamചിങ്ങംSiṃhaAugust–SeptemberSonaAavaniŚravana–BhādrapadaLeoKanniകന്നിKanyāSeptember–OctoberNirnaalaPurattasiBhādrapada–AśvinaVirgoThulamതുലാംTulāOctober–NovemberBonthyelAippasiAśvina–KārtikaLibraVrishchikamവൃശ്ചികംVṛścikamNovember–DecemberJaardeKarthigaiKārtika–MārgaśīrṣaScorpioDhanuധനുDhanuDecember–JanuaryPeraardeMargazhiMārgaśīrṣa–PauṣaSagittariusMakaramമകരംMakaraJanuary–FebruaryPonnyThaiPauṣa–MāghaCapriconKumbhamകുംഭംKumbhaFebruary–MarchMaayiMaasiMāgha–PhālgunaAquariusMeenamമീനംMīnaMarch–AprilSuggyPanguniPhālguna–ChaitraPiscesMeṭamമേടംMeṣaApril–MayPagguChithiraiChaitra– VaiśākhaAriesEṭavamഇടവംVṛṣabhaMay–JuneBesaVaikasiVaiśākha–JyaiṣṭhaTaurusMithunamമിഥുനംMithunaJune–JulyKaarthelAaniJyaiṣṭha–ĀṣāḍhaGeminiKarkaṭakamകര്ക്കടകംKarkaṭakaJuly–AugustAatyAadiĀṣāḍha–ŚrāvaṇaCancer
DaysEdit
The days of the week in the Malayalam calendar are suffixed with Aazhcha (ആഴ്ച), meaning week.
Comparative table showing corresponding weekdaysMalayalamമലയാളംEnglishKannadaTamilHindiHijri(Arabic)PunjabiNjayarഞായർSundayBhanuvaraNyaayiruRavivaral-aḥadRavivara (ੜਰਿਰਾਹ)Thinkalതിങ്കൾMondaySomavaraThingalSomvaral-ithnaynSovara (ਸੋਰਾਹਾ)Chowvaചൊവ്വTuesdayMangalavaraChevvaiMangalvaral-thalāthāʾMangla Var (ਝੱਗਲਾ ਰਾਥ)BudhanബുധൻWednesdayBudhavaraBhudhanBudhvaral-arbaʿāBudhvarʾ (ਬੁਦ੍ਝਰਾਹ)Vyazhamവ്യാഴംThursdayGuruvaraVyazhanGuruvaral-khamīsGurūvar (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਾਰ)Velliവെള്ളിFridayShukravaraVelliSukravaral-jumuʿahTa visvar (ਤਾਂ ਹਿਥਹਾਹ)ShaniശനിSaturdayShanivaraShaniShanivaral-sabtSanivar (ਸਯੀਰਾਥ।)
Like the months above, there are twenty sevenstars starting from Aswati (Ashvinī in Sanskrit) and ending in Revatī. The 365 days of the year are divided into groups of fourteen days called Ñattuvela (ഞാറ്റുവേല), each one bearing the name of a star.
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