Question

why metal oxides are basic oxides and nonmetals

Answer 1

Metallic oxides are basic in nature because they react with dilute acids to form salt and water. They also react with water to form metal hydroxides which are alkaline in nature because these metal hydroxides release OH- ions in solution.

On the other hand, if you look at non metallic oxides, they react with water to form acidic solutions which liberate H+ ions in solution. Therefore, non metallic oxides would be acidic in nature.

This can also be proven by the litmus paper test where metal oxides when reacting with water will form strong bases and turn red litmus paper to blue. On the other hand, non metal oxides reacting with water will form strong acids that turn blue litmus paper to red.

this information is taken from books

Answer 2

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Metal oxides which exhibit this behavior are termed basic oxides because they act as bases.
The oxides of nonacidic cations are so water reactive that they are seldom seen.

These oxides cannot be prepared by dehydrating the hydroxide at high temperature. ...
The hydroxides of feebly acidic cations are not deliquescent.

$CaO + H_{2}O --- Ca(OH)_{2}$
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