Question

Why nitrogen do not have vacant d orbital but p jave?

Answer 1

Nitrogen belongs to second period and its principal quantum number or energy level is 2 which contains 2s, 2p orbitals.

But phosphorus belongs to third period and its principal quantum number or energy level is 3 which contains 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals.

Answer 2

Nitrogen is in the 2nd period and Phosphorous is in the 3rd group.

The period number is given by the principle quantum number (n).

Here, for nitrogen, n = 2 and for phosphorous, n = 3.

That is,

Nitrogen can have 2s, 2p subshells. While phosphorous can have 3s, 3p and 3d subshells.

Thus phosphorous have a vacant d-orbital (3d).

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