Question

why nitrogen is gas and phosphorus is solid

Answer 1

The molecules of nitrogen have large spaces between them(inter molecular forces are weak), therefore it is present in gaseous form. Whereas the molecules of phosphorous are tightly packed(inter molecular forces are strong),therefore it is present in solid form.

Answer 2

Nitrogen is a gas because it is simple diatomic molecule with triple bond between the two nitrogenatoms. Due to its small size and non polar nature, intermolecular forces are absent and it is gas in nature. ... Due to this extensive bonding phosphorusis found in solid state.

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