Why other kingdoms from Europe helped Louis XVI to overthrow rule of national assembly?
Answers
Answer:
French Revolution
• Conditions before the French Revolution :
The French Society was divided into Three Estates which were as follows :-
First Estate : Royal Family
Second Estate : Nobilities and Kings
Third Estate : Poor Peasants, Merchants, Lawyers, etc.
The first two estates didn't pay the tax to the state and church. But the whole tax was levied on the third estate to pay to the government and church. These taxes were known as Tithes and Tailles. Before 1789, France and other major parts of Europe had the system of Monarchy that is they were ruled by government. During this time the monarch was King Louis XVI. He found the royal treasury empty because of the following reasons :-
Previous kings lavishly spent money on their lifestyle.
They helped other countries financially to wage wars.
They gave many loans to ither countries and church people in huge amounts .
The condition was becoming worse since there wasn't money for state development. The the kind called for a general meéting of three Estates known as Estates General where from each estate only one person was to represent that estate. Third Estate didn't like this opinion. In the Estates General it was decided to increase the tax in order to gain back the lost amount of treasure. This hardened the condition of people as the prices of things went up. This brought the thinking of revolution in the minds of people of France who aimed to have a good political rule by people themselves.
• Conditions during the French Revolution ::
Third Estate people were suppressed by the above two. But third estate consisted of writers like Jean Jacques Rosseau, Montessquie, John Locke, etc. who transformed the ideologies of people to get freedom and constitution. On 5th May, 1789 people of France especially the Third Estate people stormed the royal prison of Bastille in Paris which stood for the despotic power of the king. Peopke freed the revolutionary prisoners and hoarded the ammunitions and weapons. Similarly other such symbols were destroyed. Finally the king Louis XVI and his wife were guillotined. The most popular of the revolutionary groups were the Jacobins whose leader was Maximilian Robespierre. Now the Third Estate people renamed the Estates General to National Assembly and started forming the Constitution. Meanwhile there was situation of turmoil in other parts of France. As the news of revolution spread, the second estate people afforded the police to face the terror of middle class people. Even there was a rumour spread that these police are burning crops of farmers. So farmers revolted against the nobilities and made them flee to different countries.
• Robespierre's Reign ::
After forming up the constitution, Maximilian Roberspierre was made the monarch of country heading the newly formed Constitutional Monarchy. Robespierre himself didn't like the system of monarchs but slowly he turned as among them. He started taking up decisions on his own instead he was supposed to take advice from constitutional team. All his decision were too strict and futile that even his friends started opposing him. He introduced many laws like ban of production of white bread, conversion of church to school, etc. He used to give the punishment of being guillotined for any crime. Later he himself was guillotined by his fellowmates.
• Rule of Directory and Rise of Napoleon ::
Now in order to govern France, A Directory wad formed. This worked along with constitutional cheifs. The constant lags between directory snd chiefs led to decrease in efficiency of government. This eventually led to rise of rulers like Napoleon. Napoleon ascended the French Throne in 1798.
Explanation: