Why phagocytosis takes place only in animal cells ?
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Answer:
In plants, cells are enclosed by cell walls which obstruct the passage of solid granules. It is natural, therefore, that phagocytosis has not been reported in plant cells. ... We have found that a plant protoplast is also able to incorporate another protoplast into its vacuole, as described below.
Have you ever wondered how a virus or other infectious agent invades a cell to start an infection? Many cells need to bring a variety of materials, like bacteria, dead host cells, and debris from other cells or the environment, across their plasma membrane and into their cytoplasm for many different reasons. Some cells can use various methods, such as ion pumps, voltage-gated channels, or osmosis, to pull smaller molecules and chemicals across the plasma membrane and into their cytoplasm. But larger objects, like viruses, bacteria, or other particles are too large to use small channels to transport through the plasma membrane. So, cells engulf the larger objects and pull them in, which is generally called endocytosis. There are many different types of endocytosis, one of which is called phagocytosis.
What is phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is a process wherein a cell binds to the item it wants to engulf on the cell surface and draws the item inward while engulfing around it. The process of phagocytosis often happens when the cell is trying to destroy something, like a virus or an infected cell, and is often used by immune system cells.
Phagocytosis differs from other methods of endocytosis because it is very specific and depends on the cell being able to bind to the item it wants to engulf by way of cell surface receptors. Phagocytosis won’t happen unless the cell is in physical contact with the particle it wants to engulf.
The cell surface receptors used for phagocytosis depends on the type of cell that is doing the phagocytizing. These are the most common ones:
Opsonin receptors: Opsonin receptors are used to bind bacteria or other particles that have been coated with immunoglobulin G (or “IgG”) antibodies by the immune system. The immune system coats potential threats in antibodies so that other cells know it needs to be destroyed. The immune system can also use something called the “complement system”, which is a group of proteins used to tag the bacteria. The complement system is another way for the immune system to destroy pathogens and threats to the host.
Scavenger receptors: Scavenger receptors bind to molecules that are produced by bacteria. Most bacteria and other cellular species produce a matrix of proteins surrounding themselves (called an “extracellular matrix”). This matrix is a perfect way for the immune system to identify foreign species in the body, because human cells do not produce the same protein matrix.
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