Why the axis of rotation of earth is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit?
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Earth's Rotation
As we have seen in our reading, the Earth rotates with a roughly constant speed, so that every hour the direct beam (a ray pointing from the surface of the Sun to a spot on Earth) will traverse across a single standard meridian (standard meridians are spaced 15° apart). The implications are that the unit of one hour is equivalent to the rotation of Earth 15 degrees. When Earth rotates such that the beam of the sun shifts +1° of longitude from East to West: it takes 4 minutes of time.
1 h = +15° Earth rotation
4 min = +1° Earth rotation
Wild fact: a time zone change of one hour is really just 15 degrees of separation between standard meridians.
The axis of rotation of the Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees away from vertical, perpendicular to the plane of our planet's orbit around the sun.
The tilt of the earth's axis is important, in that it governs the warming strength of the Sun's energy. The tilt of the surface of the Earth causes light to be spread across a greater area of land, called thecosine projection effect.
Cosine Projection Effect
When you tilt a surface away from a beam of light, you spread the same density of light across a larger area. Recall that irradiance is in units of W/m2, so a larger denominator means a smaller value of irradiance, right?
Explore the concept of the cosine projection effect in the following experiment.
As we have seen in our reading, the Earth rotates with a roughly constant speed, so that every hour the direct beam (a ray pointing from the surface of the Sun to a spot on Earth) will traverse across a single standard meridian (standard meridians are spaced 15° apart). The implications are that the unit of one hour is equivalent to the rotation of Earth 15 degrees. When Earth rotates such that the beam of the sun shifts +1° of longitude from East to West: it takes 4 minutes of time.
1 h = +15° Earth rotation
4 min = +1° Earth rotation
Wild fact: a time zone change of one hour is really just 15 degrees of separation between standard meridians.
The axis of rotation of the Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees away from vertical, perpendicular to the plane of our planet's orbit around the sun.
The tilt of the earth's axis is important, in that it governs the warming strength of the Sun's energy. The tilt of the surface of the Earth causes light to be spread across a greater area of land, called thecosine projection effect.
Cosine Projection Effect
When you tilt a surface away from a beam of light, you spread the same density of light across a larger area. Recall that irradiance is in units of W/m2, so a larger denominator means a smaller value of irradiance, right?
Explore the concept of the cosine projection effect in the following experiment.
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HENCE,,
the axis of rotation of earth is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit.
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