why the conductor having excess of electronic is said to be at a lower potential. while a conductor having deficiency of electronic is said to be at higher potential?
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This is entirely a matter of convention and isn't even entirely true. Let me elaborate:
An electric current is defined to be the movement of positive charges(This is a rather unfortunate convention if I may add). In reality, it is the electrons that do the moving. This happens because , an electric field appears inside conductors when when you complete the circuit. The electrons, in good conductors, are nearly free and begin to move under the influence of the electric field, from lower potential to higher potential. The “current” , by convention, therefore “moves” from higher potential to lower potential.
Why then do electrons move from lower to higher potential? This is, unfortunately, also a matter of definition. Maxwells equations(In the static limit) allow us to write E⃗ =−∇⃗ V.E→=−∇→V. The force experienced by the electron is therefore: F⃗ =−eE⃗ =e∇V.F→=−eE→=e∇V. Hence, the force experienced by an electron is always “along” the direction of the gradient, from lower potential to higher. Since electrons always move locally to higher potentials, they must, also move globally to higher potentials.
Hope this helps.
An electric current is defined to be the movement of positive charges(This is a rather unfortunate convention if I may add). In reality, it is the electrons that do the moving. This happens because , an electric field appears inside conductors when when you complete the circuit. The electrons, in good conductors, are nearly free and begin to move under the influence of the electric field, from lower potential to higher potential. The “current” , by convention, therefore “moves” from higher potential to lower potential.
Why then do electrons move from lower to higher potential? This is, unfortunately, also a matter of definition. Maxwells equations(In the static limit) allow us to write E⃗ =−∇⃗ V.E→=−∇→V. The force experienced by the electron is therefore: F⃗ =−eE⃗ =e∇V.F→=−eE→=e∇V. Hence, the force experienced by an electron is always “along” the direction of the gradient, from lower potential to higher. Since electrons always move locally to higher potentials, they must, also move globally to higher potentials.
Hope this helps.
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Why do electric currents move from a higher potential to a lower potential?
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Aniruddha Tamma, Graduate Student in Physics
Answered Nov 4, 2016
[A2A]
This is entirely a matter of convention and isn't even entirely true. Let me elaborate:
An electric current is defined to be the movement of positive charges(This is a rather unfortunate convention if I may add). In reality, it is the electrons that do the moving. This happens because , an electric field appears inside conductors when when you complete the circuit. The electrons, in good conductors, are nearly free and begin to move under the influence of the electric field, from lower potential to higher potential. The “current” , by convention, therefore “moves” from higher potential to lower potential.
Why then do electrons move from lower to higher potential? This is, unfortunately, also a matter of definition. Maxwells equations(In the static limit) allow us to write E⃗ =−∇⃗ V.E→=−∇→V.The force experienced by the electron is therefore: F⃗ =−eE⃗ =e∇V.F→=−eE→=e∇V. Hence, the force experienced by an electron is always “along” the direction of the gradient, from lower potential to higher. Since electrons always move locally to higher potentials, they must, also move globally to higher potentials.
may be this answer.
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16 ANSWERS

Aniruddha Tamma, Graduate Student in Physics
Answered Nov 4, 2016
[A2A]
This is entirely a matter of convention and isn't even entirely true. Let me elaborate:
An electric current is defined to be the movement of positive charges(This is a rather unfortunate convention if I may add). In reality, it is the electrons that do the moving. This happens because , an electric field appears inside conductors when when you complete the circuit. The electrons, in good conductors, are nearly free and begin to move under the influence of the electric field, from lower potential to higher potential. The “current” , by convention, therefore “moves” from higher potential to lower potential.
Why then do electrons move from lower to higher potential? This is, unfortunately, also a matter of definition. Maxwells equations(In the static limit) allow us to write E⃗ =−∇⃗ V.E→=−∇→V.The force experienced by the electron is therefore: F⃗ =−eE⃗ =e∇V.F→=−eE→=e∇V. Hence, the force experienced by an electron is always “along” the direction of the gradient, from lower potential to higher. Since electrons always move locally to higher potentials, they must, also move globally to higher potentials.
may be this answer.
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