Why the diabetic patients are administered with insulin before every meal?
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nsulin is necessary for normal carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. People with type 1 diabetes mellitus do not produce enough of this hormone to sustain life and therefore depend on exogenous insulin for survival. In contrast, individuals with type 2 diabetes are not dependent on exogenous insulin for survival. However, over time, many of these individuals will show decreased insulin production, therefore requiring supplemental insulin for adequate blood glucose control, especially during times of stress or illness.
An insulin regimen is often required in the treatment of gestational diabetes and diabetes associated with certain conditions or syndromes (e.g., pancreatic diseases, drug- or chemical-induced diabetes, endocrinopathies, insulin-receptor disorders, certain genetic syndromes). In all instances of insulin use, the insulin dosage must be individualized and balanced with medical nutrition therapy and exercise.
This position statement addresses issues regarding the use of conventional insulin administration (i.e., via syringe or pen with needle and cartridge) in the self-care of the individual with diabetes. It does not address the use of insulin pumps. (See the American Diabetes Association’s position statement “Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion” for further discussion on this subject.)
The appropriate insulin dosage is dependent on the glycemic response of the individual to food intake and exercise regimens. For virtually all type 1 patients and many type 2 patients, the time course of insulin action requires three or more injections per day to meet glycemic goals. Type 1 patients and some type 2 patients may also require both rapid- or short- and longer-acting insulins. A dosage algorithm suited to the individual’s needs and treatment goals should be developed with the cooperation of the patient. The timing of the injection depends on blood glucose levels, food consumption, exercise, and types of insulin used. Variables in insulin action (e.g., onset, peak, and duration) must be considered.
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An insulin regimen is often required in the treatment of gestational diabetes and diabetes associated with certain conditions or syndromes (e.g., pancreatic diseases, drug- or chemical-induced diabetes, endocrinopathies, insulin-receptor disorders, certain genetic syndromes). In all instances of insulin use, the insulin dosage must be individualized and balanced with medical nutrition therapy and exercise.
This position statement addresses issues regarding the use of conventional insulin administration (i.e., via syringe or pen with needle and cartridge) in the self-care of the individual with diabetes. It does not address the use of insulin pumps. (See the American Diabetes Association’s position statement “Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion” for further discussion on this subject.)
The appropriate insulin dosage is dependent on the glycemic response of the individual to food intake and exercise regimens. For virtually all type 1 patients and many type 2 patients, the time course of insulin action requires three or more injections per day to meet glycemic goals. Type 1 patients and some type 2 patients may also require both rapid- or short- and longer-acting insulins. A dosage algorithm suited to the individual’s needs and treatment goals should be developed with the cooperation of the patient. The timing of the injection depends on blood glucose levels, food consumption, exercise, and types of insulin used. Variables in insulin action (e.g., onset, peak, and duration) must be considered.
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