why the different political parties having different ideologies from an Alliance
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Answer:
Pre-electoral alliances and post-election coalitions of political parties have become
an increasingly significant feature of contemporary African politics. A study of
this political phenomenon is important to an understanding of election dynamics
and government formation politics in Africa. It is encouraging to note that in
the past decade there has been a relative increase in studies devoted to alliances
and coalitions in Africa (Karume 2003; Sithanen 2003; Kadima 2003, 2006a; Kapa
2008; Resnick 2011; Arriola 2013). In spite of this increase, various aspects of this
political phenomenon are still largely under studied. The majority of studies look
at the causes of alliances and coalitions (Karume 2003; Kapa 2008) and only a few
have tried to explain the effects on the political, party and democratic systems
of African countries (Resnick 2011; Kadima 2006b). On the other hand, coalition
theories have their roots mainly in the experiences of Western European countries
and therefore tend to focus excessively on post-election coalitions. Yet, in Africa,
pre-electoral alliances occur nearly as frequently as post-election coalitions.
A study of the number of African countries with pre-electoral alliances and/
or coalition governments (as opposed to single-party governments) in the period
up to October 2013 is quite revealing.
This section answers the question: ‘What are the causes and factors motivating
alliance and coalition-building, their survival and disintegration?’ Party alliance-
and coalition-building in Africa are unequally influenced by institutional, political,
legal, social and financial factors. These factors include the nature of the political
regime, the type of electoral system, the legal framework governing political
parties and alliances and coalitions, the nature of political parties and the party
system, ethno-linguistic and regional factors, financial motivation, ideologies (in
rare cases) and classes.
The results of the previous election can have a bearing on which parties are
selected and who among the leaders will be the flag bearer. The motives, roles
and personality of party coalition leaders also influence alliances. More generally,
the inadequate institutionalisation of democracy, the domination of the founding
leaders over their parties and the structural and organisational weaknesses
or strengths of political parties also affect not only the parties themselves but
party alliances and coalitions. In addition, the political economy of the country,
especially in the context of limited career opportunities outside of government.