Why the nature of oxide change in the down the group in alkali metal??
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As we move down the group, the size of the metal ion increases, so the bonding between the metal and hydroxide ion is weak. Hence, they can easily lose OH. So, down the group, basicity of alkali metal oxides and hydroxides increases. ... The electron donating metals are reducing in nature.
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Expand/collapse global hierarchy Home Bookshelves Inorganic Chemistry Supplemental Modules (Inorganic Chemistry) Descriptive Chemistry Main Group Reactions Expand/collapse global location
Main Group Oxides Reactions
Last updatedJun 6, 2019
Acid-Base Character of Oxides and Hydroxides
Reactions of Main Group Elements with Water
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Reactions with Group 1 Elements
The elements of Group 1 consist of: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium. These elements are called the alkali metals because they react strongly with water and create hydroxide ions and hydrogen gas, leaving a basic solution.
2M(s) + 2H2O → 2M+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g) M = Group 1 metal
Group 1 metals are very reactive with oxygen and must be kept away from oxygen in order to not get oxidized. These alkali metals rapidly react with oxygen to produce several different ionic oxides.
Oxides: O2- , peroxides: O22- , super oxide: O2- .
The usual oxide, M2O, can be formed with alkali metals generally by limiting the supply of oxygen.
With excess oxygen, the alkali metals can form peroxides, M2O2, or superoxides, MO2.
Lithium: Reacts with oxygen to give 2Li2O, lithium oxide. Reactions are shown below.
4Li(s) + O2(g)→2Li2O(s)
Sodium: Reacts with oxygen to form mostly sodium peroxide, Na2O2 . Na2O2 along with Li2O2 is used in emergency breathing devices in submarines and spacecrafts. Reactions are shown below.
2Na(s) + O2(g) → Na2O2(s)
The rest of the group, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr, forms the superoxides.
M(s) + O2(g) → MO2(s) M= K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Metal oxides, peroxides, and superoxides that dissolve in water react with water to form basic solutions.
Oxide ion with water: O2-(aq) + H2O(l) → 2OH-(aq)
Peroxide ion with water: O22-(aq) + 2H2O(l) → H2O2(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
Superoxide ion with water: 2O2-(aq) + 2H2O(l) → H2O2(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + O2(g)
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Reactions with Group 14 Elements
The elements in Group 14 consist of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. Carbon is the only nonmetal element of the group 14. Silicon is mostly nonmetallic. Germanium is a metalloid or semi-metal. Tin and lead have mainly metallic properties.
Carbon: Reacts with oxygen to form oxides. The main form of oxides of carbon are carbon monoxide, CO, and carbon dioxide, CO2.
Carbon dioxide is the primary product of burning organic materials and also a byproduct of respiration. During photosynthesis carbon is combined with water to form carbohydrates.
6CO2+ 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon is the building block to many organic compounds
Acid-Base Character of Oxides and Hydroxides Reactions of Main Group Elements with Water
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