why the outer and side wall of epidermis cell are thick
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The epidermis (from the Greek ἐπιδερμίς, meaning "over-skin") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants.
It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The
epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss,
regulates gas exchange,
secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water
and mineral nutrients. The epidermis of most leaves shows dorsoventral anatomy:
the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat
different construction and may serve different functions. Woody stems
and some other stem structures[which?] produce a secondary covering called the periderm that replaces the epidermis as the protective covering.
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