why the temparature in moon falls -190 degree
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When the illuminated side moves into darkness, the temperature falls significantly. Since the sun no longer heats the surface, the moon's surface can drop to -232 Celsius (-387 F). These are the coldest temperatures in our solar system, which means the surface of the moon becomes colder than that of Pluto.
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Moon, or the Moon, is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the brightest object in the night sky but gives off no light of its own. Instead, it reflects light from the Sun. Like Earth and the rest of the solar system, the Moon is about 4.6 milliard (billion) years old.
Moon
Full moon as seen from Earth's northern hemisphere
DesignationsAdjectiveslunar · selenicOrbital characteristicsPerigee362600 km
(356400–370400 km)Apogee405400 km
(404000–406700 km)
Semi-major axis
384,399 km (0.00257 AU)[1]Eccentricity0.0549 [1]
Orbital period
27.321661 d
(27 d 7 h 43.19 min 11.5 s[1])
Synodic period
29.530589 d
(29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s)
Average orbital speed
1.022 km/sInclination5.145° to the ecliptic[2][3][1]
Longitude of ascending node
regressing by one revolution in 18.6 years
Argument of perigee
progressing by one revolution in 8.85 years
Satellite ofEarth[4][5]Physical characteristics
Mean radius
1,737.1 km (0.273 Earths)[1][6][7]
Equatorial radius
1,738.1 km (0.273 Earths)[6]
Polar radius
1,736.0 km (0.273 Earths)[6]Flattening0.0012[6]Circumference10,921 km (equatorial)
Surface area
3.793×107
km2
(0.074 Earths)Volume2.1958×1010
km3 (0.020 Earths)[6]Mass7.342×1022
kg (0.012300 Earths)[1][6]
Mean density
3.344 g/cm3[1][6]
0.606 × Earth
Surface gravity
1.62 m/s2 (0.1654 g)[6]
Moment of inertia factor
0.3929±0.0009[8]
Escape velocity
2.38 km/s
Sidereal rotation period
27.321661 d (synchronous)
Equatorial rotation velocity
4.627 m/s
Axial tilt
1.5424° to ecliptic6.687° to orbit plane[2]
Albedo0.136[9]Surface temp.minmeanmaxEquator100 K220 K390 K85°N 150 K230 K[12]
Apparent magnitude
−2.5 to −12.9[10]−12.74 (mean full moon)[6]
Angular diameter
29.3 to 34.1 arcminutes[6][11]Atmosphere[13]
Surface pressure
10−7 Pa (1 picobar) (day)10−10 Pa (1 femtobar) (night)[14]
Composition by volumeHe · Ar · Ne · Na · K · H· Rn
The Moon is much smaller than Earth. The Moon's average radius (distance from its centre to its surface) is 1,737.4 km), about 27% of the radius of Earth. The Moon is also much less massive than Earth. The Moon has a mass (amount of matter) of 7.35 x 1019tonnes. Earth is about 81 times that massive. The Moon's density (mass divided by volume) is about 3.34 g/cm3, roughly 60% of Earth's density.
Because the Moon has less mass than Earth, the force due to gravity at the lunar surface is only about 1/6 of that on Earth. Thus, a person standing on the Moon would feel as if his or her weight had decreased by 5/6. And if that person dropped a stone, the stone would fall to the surface much more slowly than the same stone would fall to Earth.
Despite the Moon's relatively weak gravitational force, the Moon is close enough to Earth to produce tides in Earth's waters. The average distance from the centre of Earth to the centre of the Moon is 384,467 km. That distance is growing, but extremely slowly. The Moon is moving away from Earth at a speed of about 3.8 cm per year.
The temperature at the lunar equator ranges from extremely low to extremely high: from about –173°C at night to +127°C in the daytime. In some deep craters near the Moon's poles, the temperature is always near –240°C.
The Moon has no substantial atmosphere, but small amounts of certain gases are present above the lunar surface. People sometimes refer to those gases as the lunar atmosphere. This "atmosphere" can also be called an exosphere, defined as a tenuous (low-density) zone of particles surrounding an airless body. Mercury and some asteroids also have an exosphere.
The Moon has no life of any kind. Compared with Earth, it has changed little over millions of years. On the Moon, the sky is black (even during the day), and the stars are always visible.
The Moon also crosses the sky occasionally sometimes in the daylight other times at night. The Moon doesn't always reflect uniformly during its travels. A shadow often blocks some of the reflection. Which entity is the cause for this, or is it an object, or perhaps a source of shadow?
Moon
Full moon as seen from Earth's northern hemisphere
DesignationsAdjectiveslunar · selenicOrbital characteristicsPerigee362600 km
(356400–370400 km)Apogee405400 km
(404000–406700 km)
Semi-major axis
384,399 km (0.00257 AU)[1]Eccentricity0.0549 [1]
Orbital period
27.321661 d
(27 d 7 h 43.19 min 11.5 s[1])
Synodic period
29.530589 d
(29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s)
Average orbital speed
1.022 km/sInclination5.145° to the ecliptic[2][3][1]
Longitude of ascending node
regressing by one revolution in 18.6 years
Argument of perigee
progressing by one revolution in 8.85 years
Satellite ofEarth[4][5]Physical characteristics
Mean radius
1,737.1 km (0.273 Earths)[1][6][7]
Equatorial radius
1,738.1 km (0.273 Earths)[6]
Polar radius
1,736.0 km (0.273 Earths)[6]Flattening0.0012[6]Circumference10,921 km (equatorial)
Surface area
3.793×107
km2
(0.074 Earths)Volume2.1958×1010
km3 (0.020 Earths)[6]Mass7.342×1022
kg (0.012300 Earths)[1][6]
Mean density
3.344 g/cm3[1][6]
0.606 × Earth
Surface gravity
1.62 m/s2 (0.1654 g)[6]
Moment of inertia factor
0.3929±0.0009[8]
Escape velocity
2.38 km/s
Sidereal rotation period
27.321661 d (synchronous)
Equatorial rotation velocity
4.627 m/s
Axial tilt
1.5424° to ecliptic6.687° to orbit plane[2]
Albedo0.136[9]Surface temp.minmeanmaxEquator100 K220 K390 K85°N 150 K230 K[12]
Apparent magnitude
−2.5 to −12.9[10]−12.74 (mean full moon)[6]
Angular diameter
29.3 to 34.1 arcminutes[6][11]Atmosphere[13]
Surface pressure
10−7 Pa (1 picobar) (day)10−10 Pa (1 femtobar) (night)[14]
Composition by volumeHe · Ar · Ne · Na · K · H· Rn
The Moon is much smaller than Earth. The Moon's average radius (distance from its centre to its surface) is 1,737.4 km), about 27% of the radius of Earth. The Moon is also much less massive than Earth. The Moon has a mass (amount of matter) of 7.35 x 1019tonnes. Earth is about 81 times that massive. The Moon's density (mass divided by volume) is about 3.34 g/cm3, roughly 60% of Earth's density.
Because the Moon has less mass than Earth, the force due to gravity at the lunar surface is only about 1/6 of that on Earth. Thus, a person standing on the Moon would feel as if his or her weight had decreased by 5/6. And if that person dropped a stone, the stone would fall to the surface much more slowly than the same stone would fall to Earth.
Despite the Moon's relatively weak gravitational force, the Moon is close enough to Earth to produce tides in Earth's waters. The average distance from the centre of Earth to the centre of the Moon is 384,467 km. That distance is growing, but extremely slowly. The Moon is moving away from Earth at a speed of about 3.8 cm per year.
The temperature at the lunar equator ranges from extremely low to extremely high: from about –173°C at night to +127°C in the daytime. In some deep craters near the Moon's poles, the temperature is always near –240°C.
The Moon has no substantial atmosphere, but small amounts of certain gases are present above the lunar surface. People sometimes refer to those gases as the lunar atmosphere. This "atmosphere" can also be called an exosphere, defined as a tenuous (low-density) zone of particles surrounding an airless body. Mercury and some asteroids also have an exosphere.
The Moon has no life of any kind. Compared with Earth, it has changed little over millions of years. On the Moon, the sky is black (even during the day), and the stars are always visible.
The Moon also crosses the sky occasionally sometimes in the daylight other times at night. The Moon doesn't always reflect uniformly during its travels. A shadow often blocks some of the reflection. Which entity is the cause for this, or is it an object, or perhaps a source of shadow?
thanks for your answer
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