Why the wastages are consider as a primary energy resources of India
Answers
Primary energy (PE) is an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any human engineered conversion process. It is energy contained in raw fuels, and other forms of energy received as input to a system. Primary energy can be non-renewable or renewable.
India is one of the most rapidly developing countries in the world. It’s witnessing growing industrialization and thus development. Such rapid development needs energy to progress, which further makes India, an energy hungry nation. Currently India depends mainly upon the fossil fuels and thus has to pay a huge bill at the end of every contractual period. These bills can be shortened and the expenditures brought down by using and exploiting non-conventional sources of energy. India holds a huge potential for such non-conventional sources of energy. The rapid development of India isn’t just pressing hard upon its resources and forcing expenditures on the same. There are also some neglected side effects of this development process like, generation of waste. A population of 1.2 billion is generating 0.5 kg per person every day. This, sums up to a huge pile of waste, which is mostly landfilled in the most unhygienic manner possible. Such unmanaged waste not only eats up resources but demands expenditure as well. This can lead to the downfall of an economy and degradation of the nation. Thus, the paper presents waste to energy as a solution to both the problems stated above, using which, not only we can reduce the amount of waste, but can also produce energy from the same, thus achieving our goal of waste management as well as energy security. The paper presents the current status, major achievements and future aspects of waste to energy in India which will help decision makers, planners and bodies involved in the management of municipal solid waste to understand the current status challenges and barriers of MSWM in India for further better planning and management. Key Words: Waste to Energy (WTE), Waste Management, Anaerobic Digestion, Refuse Derived Fuel, Landfill.
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Do you know? In mammals especially, the number of teeth in both the jaws varied with respect to their food habit. However, it is constant for a particular species.
When we represent the number of teeths according to their kind by any sort of equation, it is known as Dental Formula.
Now how to write the formula?
It is the formula showing the no. of teeths in one half of the upper/lower jaw.
It is separated (i.e. upper and lower jaw) by a horizontal line which is similar to that of a fraction in mathematics.
The no. of teeth shown in the formulae multiplied by 2, gives the total no. of teeth in a species.
Dental formula of Human.
CHILD (milk teeth) - 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 2
ADULTS - 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3
Here:
Here you can see teeth in upper half jaw is 2 + 1 + 0 + 2 = 5. The total no. of teeth in upper jaw is 5 × 2 = 10. And similarly total no. of teeth in child = 10 × 2 ( both jaws) = 20.
In this way, we can find the total no. of teeth in all organisms by the help of given Dental Formula.
Dental formula for more animals:
Dog - 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 3
Cat - 3 1 3 1 ∣ 3 1 2 1
Cow - 0 0 3 3 ∣ 1 0 2 3
Elephant - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Note!!
The no. is arranged with correspondence with the kind of teeth in order of Incisors, Cannines, Pre molars, Molars in one half jaw in each row.