why was the Khilafat movement started
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While the Rowlatt Satyagrah had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and towns. Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more
broad-based movement in India.
But he was certain that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and the Muslims closer together.
One way of doing this , he felt, was to take up the Khilafat issue.
The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman Empire - the Spiritual head of the Islamic World ( the Khalifa ) .
To defend the Khalifa's temporal powers , a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.
A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action in the issue.
Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement.
Thus the Khilafat Movement in 1919 started.
At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, Mahatma Gandhi convinced other leaders of the need to start a
Non-Cooperation movement in support of the Khilafat as well as for Swaraj.
So, in 1920 the ' Non-Cooperation Khilafat Movement ' was started in order to support Swaraj as well as in the favour of Khilafat.