Why was the South-Western part of Vijay Nagara settlement designated as Royal centre? Explain. *
28. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follows: "Born in 1754, Colin Mackenzie became famous as an engineer, surveyor and cartographer. In 1815, he was appointed the Surveyor General of India, a post he held till his death in 1821. He embarked on collecting local histories and surveying historic sites in order to better understand India's past and make Governance of the colony easier. He says that "it struggled long under the miseries of bad management...before the South came under the benign influence of the British Government". By the studding Vijaya Nagara, Mackenzie believed that the East India Company could gain "much useful information of many of these institutions, lows and customs whose influence still prevails among the various tribes of natives forming the general mass of the population to this day". Questions no.1 - Who was calling Mackenzie? Question no.2 - Mention Mackenzie did to make Governance of the colony easier ? Question no.3 - According to him, what benefits would the East India Company gained after studying Vijay Nagara? *
29. Identify the Places marked in the given Map of India according to the questions as follows: (1) Identify the places marked as 1,2,3,4 that are mature Harappan sites. (2) Identify the place marked as 5, that was the Mughal capital. (3) Place 6 that is the empire in Karnataka. *
Map of India
Answers
Answer:
Question 1.
Examine how the Amara-Nayaka system was a political innovation of the Vijayanagara empire. (All India 2017)
Answer:
The Amara-Nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara empire. Many features of this system were derived from the iqta system of the Delhi sultanate. The Amara-Nayakas were military commanders ’ who were given territories to govern by the Rayas or the rulers of Vijayanagara.
Question 2.
Examine the outcome of the battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi (Talikota). (All India 2017)
Answer:
In 1565, Rama Raya, the Chief Minister of Vijayanagara, led the army into the battle at Rakashasi Tangadi where his forces were routed by the combined armies of Bijapur, Ahmadnagar and Golconda. The armies of the sultans were responsible for the destruction of the city of Vijayanagara.
It was only after the death of Krishnadeva Raya, the relation between Sultans and Rayas became bitter. The adventurous policy of Rama Raya who tried to play off one Sultan against another, made the Sultans angry and they combinedly defeated him. In this way, Vijayanagara empire was gradually destructed.
Question 3.
Examine the significance of enclosing agricultural land within the fortified area of the city of Vijayanagara.
Answer:
By enclosing the agricultural land within the fortified area of the city, the king of Vijayanagara empire gave protection to their subject. Because at the times of war enemies would not easily penetrate into the fortified walls and also not to cause any harm to the cultivable land. Thus, the situation of starvation or famine in the city can be minimized at the times of difficulty.
Question 4.
Which dynasty did Krishnadeva Raya belong to? Mention any one of his expansion and consolidation policies. (HOTS; Delhi 2013)
Answer:
Krishnadeva Raya (1509-29) was the most famous ruler belonged to the Tuluva dynasty. The expansion and consolidation was a salient feature of his rule as:
He acquired the land between Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers (the RaichurDoab) in 1512.
During his rule, the rulers of Odisha were subdued in 1514 and harsh defeats were inflicted on the Sultan of Bijapur (1520).
Question 5.
Mention any two features of the temple complexes in Vijayanagara. (All India 2010)
Answer:
Following are the two features of Vijayanagara temple complexes:
The immense structures of Raya gopurams or royal gateways often dwarfed the towers on the central shrines and it signalled the presence of the temple from a great distance.
Other distinctive features include mandapas or pavilions and long pillared corridors within the temple complex.