With the help of a neat labelled diagram describe the internal structure of human heart
Answers
Answer:
HUMAN HEART
heart is the organ in the human body that acts as a double pump .
STRUCTURE OF HUMAN HEART
the human heart is divided into four chambers . the upper two chambers are called right and left atrium. and the lower two chambers are called the right and left ventricle.
◆ the left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein.
◆ when the left atrium contracts, the oxygenated blood is pumped into the left ventricle.
◆ when the left ventricle contracts, the oxygenated blood is forced into the aorta, which transports the blood to all the parts of the body, except the lungs. when oxygenated blood passes through the capillaries of different organs, it gives oxygen to the body cells , along with oxygen , blood also gives the digested food and other dissolved materials to the body cells. at the same time , carbon dioxide which is produced as a waste material during respiration, enters into the blood .
◆ From the body tissues , the deoxygenated blood carrying Co2 is pumped back to the heart, into the right atrium , by the vena cava
◆ when the right atrium contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped into the right ventricle.
◆ the oxygenated blood is again sent to the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary vein for being circulated in the body.
◆ the whole process is repeated again and again so as the blood keeps circulating in our body and keep circulating oxygen , digested food and other materials to all parts of the body. this blood also keeps on removing waste products in the form of deoxygenated blood formed in the cells of the body.
right side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs.
left side of the heart pumps blood to the entire body, except the lungs.
BLOOD VESSELS PRESENT IN HEART
In human beings , the organs of circulatory system are heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
ARTERIES
◆ they carry blood away from the heart to the various organs of the body , at a high pressure.
◆ they transport only oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery.
◆ they have a narrow lumen, do not have valves.
VEINS
◆ they transports blood towards the heart from various organs , at a low pressure.
◆ they transport only deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary vein.
◆ they have a wide lumen, they have valves to prevent backward flow of the blood.
CAPILLARIES
◆ they carry blood from the arteries to the veins.
◆ they exchange O2, CO2 , H2O, and salts between the blood and the surrounding tissues.
◆ they have a very narrow lumen, do not have valves.
MEMBRANES PRESENT IN HEART
heart consists of two membranes: -
an inner serous membrane called the epicardium, and an outer fibrous membrane.
VALVES PRESENT IN HEART
heart needs the valves to regulate the flow of blood, it allows the blood to flow through the heart only in one direction.
heart consists of four valves:-
The mitral valve and the tricuspid valve.it controls flow of blood from the artria to the ventricles.
The aortic valve and the pulmonary valve.which control flow of blood out of the ventricles.
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.[1] Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assisting in the removal of metabolic wastes.[2] In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest.[3]
Heart
Heart anterior exterior view.jpg
The human heart
Details
System
Circulatory
Artery
Aorta,[a] pulmonary trunk and right and left pulmonary arteries,[b] right coronary artery, left main coronary artery[c]
Vein
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava,[d] right and left pulmonary veins,[e] great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, anterior cardiac veins[f]
Nerve
Accelerans nerve, vagus nerve
Identifiers
Latin
cor
Greek
kardía (καρδία)
MeSH
D006321
TA
A12.1.00.001
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles.[4][5] Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart.[6] Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while reptiles have three chambers.[5] In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow.[3] The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.[7]
The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate a current that causes contraction of the heart, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation, which enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulation−where the oxygen is used and metabolized to carbon dioxide.[8] The heart beats at a resting rate close to 72 beats per minute.[9] Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but lowers resting heart rate in the long term, and is good for heart health.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of deaths. Of these more than three quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly controlled diabetes, among others. Cardiovascular diseases frequently do not have symptoms or may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, ECG, and ultrasound. Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment.
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