Question

with the help of diagram show that why pencil appear bent when immersed in water ​

Answer 1

This is due to a phenomenon known as refraction of light. Light, passing from one medium (rarer or faster medium) to another (denser or slower medium), gradually bends more towards the normal to the surface of both the media, such phenomenon is known as refraction or bending of light. This bent light ray hits the dipped pencil and then is perceived by our eyes. We actually see the apparent image (which is formed due to this phenomenon) and not the actual image. The reason for this is both refraction of light rays and our perception of vision. After bending of light rays, our eyes trace the previous path of light, which it was supposed to travel before bending and not the actual path which got created after bending. That's why, the dipped pencil appears to us as bent .