with the help of labelled diagram explain why the sun appears reddish at the sunrise and sunset
Answers
During sunrise and sunset, the rays have to travel a larger part of the atmosphere because they are very close to the horizon. Therefore, light other than red is mostly scattered away. Most of the red light, which is the least scattered, enters our eyes. Hence, the sun and the sky appear red.
The simplest answer is to do with the angle of the sun as you see it, and the depth of the atmosphere that the light has to shine through.
Consider a ball with a layer of glass around it - a ray of light reaching the ball at a right angle would have to pass through the glass to get to the ball. The depth of the glass would be minimal, the ray would pass through relatively easily.
Now, position the same ray so that it strikes the same position on the ball but from a steep angle. The depth of the glass would now be much more… and the light reaching the surface would now be weaker as a result of travelling further through the glass.
In the atmosphere around the earth we have a wide range of things, including pollutants and other elements which act as filters, cutting out light. Some of them only cut out specific wave lengths, which means specific colours. At sunrise and sunset you are viewing the sunlight from an angle which means the light has to pass through a longer section of the atmosphere. The light is going to be weaker as a result, and the particles and items filtering the light will appear to be more effective. The result is the red light gets through, but blue doesn’t… so you see more red light.
Of course, the actual physics involved is a little more complicated, and there are doubtless other factors, but on a simplistic level, the light has to travel further through the atmosphere as you are seeing it, and is being filtered more, leaving only the frequencies in the red area of the spectrum.
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