Question

Work out the reasons for, why the period between 1830-48 is referred as the age of revolutions. Describe all the important events during this phase and put forward your views how these events were the reason for the formation of several nation states.

Answer 1

Answer:

The Revolutions of 1830 were a revolutionary wave in Europe which took place in 1830. It included two "romantic nationalist" revolutions, the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France along with revolutions in Congress Poland, Italian states, Portugal and Switzerland. It was followed eighteen years later, by another and possibly even stronger wave of revolutions known as the Revolutions of 1848.

Answer 2

It was the era of revolution that occurred in most of Europe and the Americas from approximately 1774 to 1849. The period was marked by the change from absolutist monarchies to democrat governments with a constitution and to the establishment of nation states, with a written constitution.

Explanation:

• The American Revolution is usually seen as the beginning point of the "age of the revolution" and is influenced by new ideas of the Enlightenment.It started with the French revolution and then spread to southern Europe in  the year 1820, with uprisings in Spain, Portugal, Greece, & Italy. In Italy, Germany , Poland, Hungary, etc., revolutionary demands  merged with "independence" or "national unification" movements. The Spring of Nations' violent repression marked the end of its era.
• Around 1830–1848 several revolutions happened, since many monarchical and despotic systems had been re-established in Europe after the Conservative reaction after 1815.
• The people of Europe had therefore already instilled the ideals of  republicanism, nationalism & liberalism. This led to a major turning of nationalist aspirations amongst the multi-ethnic & multi-lingual States of Europe
• A lot of nations began to demand republican rule with own states. Between 1830  & 1848 this led to several uprisings against the monarchical and conservative rule in Europe.  
• Nationalism started to emerge as a force in the 19th century that brought about dramatic changes in the European political world. Such transitions eventually culminated in a nation-state replacing Europe's multi-national dynastic empires. This was a nation state that established a sense of national identity and mutual history or family roots amongst the majority of its people and not only of its rulers.
• In July of 1830, the first revolt happened in France. The kings of Bourbon, who were restored to power after 1815 because of the Conservative reaction, were now ousted by revolutionary rebels who had set up Louis Philip at the head of a new monarchy.
• The Greek Independence War  began in the year 1821. Nationalists in Greece received support from other displaced Greeks as well as many Western Europeans with sympathies for the ancient Greek culture. Finally, in 1832, after the Constantinople Treaty recognized Greece as one, Greece gained its independence.
• Johann Gottfried Herder of German romantic philosophy stressed that true German cultures are in traditional folklore & folk art. Throughout Poland, by way of music &  literature, nationalistic sentiments were kept alive.
• Irishmen rose in 1798 in the expectation of establishing the Republic against rule of the British in Ireland. The rebellion was started by "Theobald Wolfe Tone" and led by the "Society of United Irishmen". For a myriad of factors, they rebelled, particularly because of "the sectarian nature" of the British Rule that enforced the Penal Laws which allowed to discriminate against Presbyterians & Catholics  in Irish society.