Question

write 10 lines about the things with pictures (crops and equipment's )which came to india from foreign during medieval period

Answer 1

Answer:

India have always been an agricultural country since 9000 BCE and had always helped the peasants through its highly fertile soil to grow various types of food crops wheat, rice, millet etc as well as cash crops like indigo, opium and cotton.

Explanation:

• Wheat was the primary spring crop grown during the medieval era in the areas of Oudh, Delhi, Lahore, Agra, Allahabad, Multan, Malwa, Ajmer, Kabul and Kandhar Sarkar.  
• Next important one was the rice which required plenty of water and High temperature for its successful cultivation. The chief varieties were Kur and Shali.  

• Millet were one of the cheapest grains cultivated in the area of, poor soil and deficient rainfall, Malwa, Gujarat, Ajmer, Delhi, Lahore, Agra, Allahabad and Multan.  
• Pulses were cultivated in Bihar, Doab, Allahabad, Oudh, Lahore , Multan and Malwa. During the autumn harvests, the chief pulses grown were mung, moth, mash etc. The primary source of sugar during the medieval times was Sugarcane.  
• One of the special crops of medieval period was Indigo, also called as Morinda- tinotoria. The herb was sown once every three years. In the months of August and September after the rainfall, the indigo leaves were cut and kept together, and then thrown into long cisterns. These cisterns are then grinded down with stones and left therein with water. These were cultivated in the regions of Oudh, Agra, Multan. Malwa, Allahabad, Gujarat, Delhi.  
• Cotton was grown in the black soil regions of Malwa plateau and Peninsula India, which had subtropical climate with moderate and regular heat, bright sunshine was good but not excessive rainfall, a soil in which lime is present and the soil is saline. Opium was manufactured from poppy seeds. Its cultivation required finest soil and the fields and proper weeding and watering was also required. The seed was sown in November and harvested in February and March.
• Tobacco, various spices like ginger, pepper, nutmeg etc, saffron and many vegetables like onion, carrot, sweet potato, peas, garlic etc were also popular in the medieval period.  
• All the above crops needed well irrigated fields; therefore, it was well expanded in the medieval period. Water lifting equipment such as sakia or Persian wheel, which is made of a series of buckets on an endless rope yoked to oxen—had been adopted.  
• The traditional Indian plough, that had the parts that penetrates the soil is a wedge-shaped block of hardwood, attached to the neck yoke of the bullocks and an upright frame in the rear serves as a guiding handle. Various hand tools were also there, the most common one is the kodali, a device made up of an iron blade fitted to a wooden handle making an acute angle. The scythe was more frequently in use for mowing grass, reaping barley. Windmills were used to grind the grains.  
• Seed drillers and dibblers were used for plantation holes in the ground to plant seeds. Another simple device was a bamboo tube attached to the plough to place the seeds and the plough while working covered it with the soil making the next furrow.