Question

Write a article about children working under conditions which are damaging their physical social and spiritual development

Answer 1

Child labour in India and rest of the world, during 2003 in 10–18 age group, per World Bank[1] India with an estimated 11%, is in green with 10-20% incidence levels, along with countries in red (30%–40%) and brown and black (40%-100%).
Child Labour is the practice of having children engage in economic activity, on a part- or full-time basis. The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Poverty, lack of good schools and the growth of the informal economy are considered to be the key causes of child labour in India. Some other causes of Child Labor in India are cheap wages and accessibility to factories that can produce the maximum amount of goods for the lowest possible price. Corruption in the government of India also plays a major role in child labour because laws that should be enforced to prevent child labor are not because of the corrupt government.

The 2011 national census of India found the total number of child labourers, aged 5–14, to be at 10.1 million (https://www.indiastat.com/table/labour-and-workforce-data/380987/child-labour/60/969060/data.aspx),and the total child population to be 259.64 million in that age group.[2] The child labour problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 217 million children work, many full-time.[3]

As per the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, amended in 2016 ("CLPR Act"), a "Child" is defined as any person below the age of 14, and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a Child in any employment including as a domestic help. It is a cognizable criminal offence to employ a Child for any work. Children between age of 14 and 18 are defined as "Adolescent" and the law allows Adolescent to be employed except in the listed hazardous occupation and processes which include mining, inflammable substance and explosives related work and any other hazardous process as per the Factories Act, 1948.[4] In 2001, an estimated 1% of all child workers, or about 120,000 children in India were in a hazardous job.[5] Notably, the Constitution of India prohibits child labour in hazardous industries (but not in non-hazardous industries) as a Fundamental Right under Article 24.[6] UNICEF estimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-Saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labourers.[7][8][9] The International Labour Organisation estimates that agriculture, at 60 percent, is the largest employer of child labour in the world,[10] while the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates 70% of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related activities.[11] Outside of agriculture, child labour is observed in almost all informal sectors of the Indian economy.[12][13][14]